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EWT - Coggle Diagram
EWT
Post event discussion
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Conformity
Witnesses wanting to be liked and witnesses wanted to conform to be right. Jury members conforming too
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Gabbert et al. (2003)
Watched a video of a girl stealing money from a wallet. Tested individually (control) or in pairs. They saw different perspectives of the same crime and only one person saw the girl steal. They discussed the crime and 71% of the witnesses recalled information they had not seen and 60% said the girl was guilty despite not seeing her commit a crime
Leading questions
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Due to the reconstructive nature of memory, leading questions can alter original memories of the events
Research
Loftus and Palmer (1974) - 45 american students, 5 conditions, 7 films of traffic accidents 5-30 seconds long presented in a random order. Asked to describe how fast they were going with a leading question "How fast were the cars going when they [ ]" changing the verb.
Smashed - 40mph, collided - 39.3mph, bumped - 38.1mph, hit 34mph, contacted - 31.8mph
Loftus and Zanni (1975)
Participants were shown a clip of a car accident - "did you see a broken headlight" 7% or "did you see the broken headlight" 17% There was no broken headlight
Anxiety
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Johnson and Scott (1976)
Overhead discussion about equipment failure and emerge with a pen and hand covered in grease - 49% recall. Overhead heated debate and emerge with blood and a paper knife