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henry vii domestic policies - Coggle Diagram
henry vii domestic policies
nobility
likely to be loyal to henry so he grants them patronage
dangers
had wealth and territorial power which made them potential rivals to the crown
could easily turn against henry
can rebel using their powers (usurp like henry did)
contemporary historians said that henry vii had little nobility to deal with
c.s.l davies - king's relations with nobility were of first importance
dealing with nobility
patronage - giving of positions of power (titles,land) people got this through loyal service. from supporting henry at Bosworth - earl of oxford given land in east anglia, jasper tudors given the title duke of bedford
order of the garrter - significant honour of the king's closest servants. created 37 knights of the garter (giles daubeney, earl of oxford)
king's council - position on council showed that you had the king's confidence. 2 chancellors : john morton, william warham, treasurers, keeper of the privy seal - richard fox
great council - meetings of noblemen in times of emergency : 1485 marriage announcement, 1487 response to simnel, 1491 authorise war against france
council learned in law - sir reginald bray until 1503, then edmund dudley and richard empson. universally hated and feared
acts of attainder - family losing rights to land. 1485-86 28 attainders, 87 28, 1495 24 (138 given out and 43 reversed)
bonds and recognisances - bonds:written agreements people will pay a sum of money if they fail to carry out a promise, recognisances: formal acknowledgment of a debt
thomas grey: henry never trusted him. 1492 he had to transfer all land to trustees and gave recognisances of £1000 and others who would give £10,000 on his behalf. 1499 he proved his loyalty to henry so these were cancelled. 1493-94 £3000, 1504-05 £75,000
feudal dues - set out fuedal rights as king over his nobility - duchess of buckingham was fined £7,000 for marryign without a king's license. increased in his reign - 1487-£350, 1507-£6,000
retaining - nobles recruited gentry followers for admin and local fighting forces for henry, he saw them as a threat. 1485 lords and commons had to swear they would not retain illegally, 1504 nobles had to get licenses from king to retain, supported with fines of £5 per month per illegal retainer
government
personal monarchy - made all decisions himself
Jp's - members of the gentry who were unpaid and were responsible for keeping law and order in localities
power increased throughout reign: 1485-arrest poachers, 1497-grant bail, 1495-replace suspects members of the jury
loyal to henry as removal from position would be social disgrace
royal household - people who looked after the domestic needs of the king (more like servants)
privy chamber - 1-2 people. gentlemen of privy council had closest access to the king - low status
the court - group of people who moved from place to place with the king. entertain the king, offer whatever company he wished, good advertisement for him especially when foreign powers were there
groom of the stool - in charge of privy chamber
privy council - group of advisors chose by the king. gave the king advice, dealt with grievances from individuals. could consist of 40-50 people but attendance was usually much lower
parliament - sat 7 times, secondary function, usually called when king wanted extra money through taxation
local government (collapsed during war of the roses)
approximately 50 counties, complex network of local officials who were directly responsible to king. henry often travelled and intervened where necessary
communicated through written orders-writs- work was checked by judges and commissioners. sheriffs and JPs were most important in local government
finance
ordinary revenue (regular)
tonnage and poundage - helped to pay for english defences notably in calais: granted for life after 1485 parliament. income rose from £33k to £40k per year
crown lands - land owned by henry that he rented (greatest achievement). lots of land due to acts of attainders. sir reginald bray in charge of this and raised £12k in 1485 to £42k in 1508
fuedal dues - money given to king. 1497-£350 a year, 1507-£6,000 a year
bonds and recognisances-payment decided by council learned in law
extraordinary revenue (one off)
parliamentary subsidies - money parliament gave to the king if he needed it from collecting off people. 1487-pay for battle of stoke, 1498-money for war with france
loans-he lent £203k whilst on throne which was not paid back
benevolences (unpopular) 1491 henry raised £48k to pay for war with france
when henry began his reign he allowed the exchequer to have control but in 1487 it changed to the chamber so henry had full control.
spent extravagantly on his coronation or when necessary to enhance the image of his kingship.
henry did not feel secure unless he was rich, he was prudent (careful with money). solvent - ensured his expenses were covered by his income.