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Mid-Tudor Crisis - Religion - Coggle Diagram
Mid-Tudor Crisis - Religion
late Henry VIII
by 1540 all religious houses had been dissolved
Act for the Advancement of True Religion in 1543 restricted public reading of the Bible to upper-class males as others had fell into negative opinions and resentment
1543 King's Book revised the earlier Bishop's Book , with a further conservative emphasis despite Lutheran hints, showing lean towards less extreme religious reform
other than previous Pilgrimage of Grace, little threatening opposition from the people towards the reform
Somerset
despite welcoming religious radicals e.g. Hooper and Becon, religious policy proved cautious
Book of Common Prayer introduced in May 1549 was written by Archbishop Cranmer, who was anxious to avoid religious tension so proved more moderate than 1547 reforms
objectives were to establish single form of services within CofE and translate services into English to enhance understanding of key texts
1547 issues injunctions attaching features of popular Catholicism e.g. images, lights
due to need for money for foreign policy he issued dissolution of chantries, destroying connection of communities to their dead and guilds, confiscating money previously underpinning charitable activities and celebrations
period of power experienced a sustained attack on popular religious practice, particularly in London, creating widespread fear that it was the start of systemic asset stripping of the Church
Northumberland
wished to continue Protestant reforms and plunder more of Church wealth
Cranmer was also becoming more radical, shown in his 1552 Book of Common Prayer
this included removal of 'conservative' ceremonies, radical reform of Communion service, ban on 'popish' vestments and restriction on use of church music
showed his desire for simplicity in church services and the increasing influence of Edward who believed it was his mission to destroy idolatry
Protestant nature of official doctrine was shown in Cranmer's Forty-Two Articles of Religion, despite leaving ambiguity between varieties of Protestantism
the Crown also pursued a systematic policy of asset stripping, extracting wealth from the Church through plundering property of bishoprics
meant people were much less likely to leave money to their parish church than perviously, a reported decline in attendance and in the number of candidates for priest ordination
Mary
Mary's first Parliament in Oct 1553 repealed Edwards's religious laws, restored the order of service from Henry VIII, could deprive clergy who married of their livings, upheld the legal status of the Church of England
in order to rely on parliamentary legislation to reverse the royal supremacy would mean she would have to accept superiority of statute law over divine law
3rd parliament finally resolved the status of the Church after debate over where ex-monastical lands should be given and reversed Henrician Act of Attainder against Cardinal Pole, giving him Royal assent despite loss of reputation due to grudging attitude over Church property
in January 1555 Act of Repeal revoking royal supremacy was passed
Pope Julius III died in 1555 and his successor hated both Phillip and Pole, leaving Mary in conflict with him after a Spanish war and a heresy charge against Pole
she burnt 280 Protestants at the stake for heresy, including famous victims such as Cranmer and Hooper
the deaths elicited wisespread sympathy for their martyrdom and the Council began to worry of the effects, banning servants, apprentices and the young from attending burnings
wide variation in practice in London, with some parishes re-embracing Catholicism and some virtually in ruins
early Elizabeth
Act of Supremacy 1559 restored royal supremacy in Church, repealed heresy law under Mary, powers of royal visitation of the Church were restored, the queen was described as 'supreme governor' and clergymen were to take an oath of supremacy
Act of Uniformity 1559 specified use of a single book of Common Prayer and that ornaments of the Church to be used are those before Act of Uniformity in 1549, causing issues for Calvinists who saw them as 'Popish'
royal injunctions 1559 made clear the Protestant character of the conduct of church services and called for removal of 'suspicious' things and required parish churches to purchase an English Bible
also emphasised Eurasian nature of CodE
some believed that the religious settlement represented the starting point for establishment of a process of spiritual renewal, a view held by key advisors e.g. Cecil and Dudley and led to the emerging of Puritanism