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Media: Selection & Presentation of the news - Coggle Diagram
Media: Selection & Presentation of the news
MAKING A PROFIT:
the source of the majority of profit in the media comes from advertising, which thereby explains the dependence on ratings, hits and circulation of media products.
BAGDIKIAN- Stresses the importance of advertising means news reports will be presented in a way that avoids offending advertisers, with some stories being cut off completely.
CURRAN ET AL: argues there is a conservatism in the media, which tries to avoid too much criticism in the way society is organised. This means that minority opinion is under-represented in the media.
GLOBALIZATION, NEW TECHNOLOGY & CITIZEN JOURNALISM:
Globalisation means there are a mass of news providers from across the globe to choose from. New technology such as Smartphones, Twitter and digital TV means that news is instantly available from practically anywhere in the world, 24 hours a day.
new technology has created better opportunities for citizen journalism. Forms of new media ( e.g videos shot on a smartphone that can be uploaded to Twitter, Youtube etc) means ordinary people are more involved in directly collecting, reporting and spreading news stories
BIVENS: argues citizen journalism through mobile phone pictures and videos at the scene of news events is transforming traditional journalism
SETTING
AGENDA SETTING:
people can only discuss and form opinions about things they know about and in most cases its the media that provides this information.
McCOMBS argues that the media not only has influence on what we think about, but also how we feel about certain subjects
NORM SETTING:
refers to the way the media emphasise and reinforce conformity to social norms and seek to isolate those who don't conform by making them victims of unfavourable media reports
norm setting achieved by 1) encouraging conformist behaviour, 2) discouraging non-conformist behaviour , 3) media representations
MORAL PANIC: occurs when a group in society is seen as theretning the norms & values of society, and rso reports are exaggerated and dramatised - A02 MODS & ROCKERS fighting in 19964 sparked moral panic about British youth and the 2 groups became widely perceived was violent and troublemakers
NEWS VALUES:
events that are reported in the news have been through a gatekeeping & filtering process with journalists and editors deciding what is newsworthy
SPENCER THOMAS 2003- highlights that journalists and editors use news values which are general guidelines that determine how newsworthy an event is, and therefore selected
THRESHOLD: the bigger the event, the more likely it is to be included. eg covid,
EXTRAORDINARINESS: the more unusual & unexpected the event, the more likely it is to be included as they are out of the ordinary e.g Matt Hanckock joining I'm a celeb on itv
NEGATIVITY: bad news is regarded as more exciting and dramatic. e.g the queens death
GALTUNG & RUGE argue newsworthy items include and play up the elsemts of a story which makes it more newsworthy
existence of news values is one of the reasons why many sociologist view the news as a social construction : the news is the end result of selective processes through which gatekeepers such as owners, editors and journalists make choices about what events are important enough to be covered, and how they should be covered.