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FROM THE MIDDLE AGES TO THE MODERN AGE - Coggle Diagram
FROM THE MIDDLE AGES TO THE MODERN AGE
FROM THE MIDDLE AGES TO THE MODERN AGE
SOCIETY AND THE FEUDAL ECONOMY
in the Middle ages
Social groups divided according to privileges
the basic strucure of society
THE THREE ESTATES OF THE REALM
nobles
Only the king or other nobles could judge them
did not pay taxes to the king
did not work
The most important members of the nobility were the lords of feudal manors
they collected taxes from the inhabitants and administered justice
clergy
bishops, could also be feudal lords and have feudal manors like nobles
enjoy privileges, such as collecting tithes for their own benefit and administering justice
social and spiritual function of looking after the souls of people
common people
raftsmen, traders, doctors, jurists
They had no justice system of their own
They paid taxes to support the privileged estates and the monarchy
COLLECTIVE PRIVILEGES: CITIES
Cities enjoyed the main type of collective privileges
they were restricted to its richest members
rich traders
craftspeople
landowners
MONARCHS AND THEIR KINGDOMS
Political and social conflict such as armed conflict between nobles, violence between groups of citizens, rebellions against monarchs and feudal lords, etc., was common
Institutions such as estate courts and parliaments endured where the monarchs and the privileged groups in their kingdoms could negotiate peacefully under the king’s authority
BASIC TRAITS OF A NEW ERA
RELIGIOUS CHANGES
It was a time of intolerance with great persecution of Jews and Muslims
SOCIAL CHANGES
The bourgeoisie acquired influence and wealth, and salaried work increased
CULTURAL CHANGES
New artistic styles
new cultural movements
revolutionary invention of the printing press
POLITICAL CHANGES
The system of privileges and institutions, such as the estate courts and parliaments, did not disappear, but monarchies gained power
ECONOMIC CHANGES
agriculture and livestock farming continued to be the main economic activities
Geographical exploration and discovery increased and intensified trade and the use of money, particularly in some areas of Western Europe
Craft, trade and financial activities experienced a huge boom
THE FACTORS BEHIND GEOGRAPHICAL DISCOVERY
POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS FACTORS
There was religious rivalry with Islam
The conflict was particularly noticeable in the Iberian kingdoms
SOCIOLOGICAL FACTORS
The spirit of the Renaissance inspired people to discover and explore
Books like The Travels of Marco Polo acted as inspiration
DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS
After the demographic stagnation of the Late Middle Ages
the population went through a period of growth
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL FACTORS
Advances were made in navigation with new ships, such as carracks and caravels. Many geographers also started to believe that the world was round and not flat
ECONOMIC FACTORS
They also depended on products from the East, such as silk and spices
Byzantium was taken by the Ottoman Turks in 1453
Europeans needed gold and silver to produce coins
