Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Nervous System and Muscle Contractions, 2208260190, Rafli Muharram Sibuea …
Nervous System and Muscle Contractions
NERVE AND ITS
FUNCTIONS
MOTORIC NEURON
carry messages from the central
nervous system
INTERNEURON
NEURON
transmit messages between
sensory and motor neurons in the
central nervous system central nervous system
SENSORIC NEURON
carry messages to the central
nervous system
IMPULSE SPREAD
IMPULSES ARE
DELIVERED THROUGH THE
NERVE CELLS
Impulses can be forwarded and flow through nerve cells due todifferences in electrical potential which is called polarization. The electric charge outside the nerve
cell membrane is positive while the charge outside is negative.
IMPULSES ARE
DELIVERED THROUGH THE
SYNTHETIC CELLS
If the impulse hits the synaptic button, the permeability of thepresynaptic membrane to calcium ions increases. Calcium ions will then enter, while the synaptic bubble will release
neurotransmitters into the synaptic
cleft.
SOURCES OF
ENERGY AND USES IN MUSCLE
CONTRACTION
The fastest source of energy available for muscle contraction is adenosine triphosphate,abbreviated as ATP . Furthermore, ATP is a source of energy contained in muscle fibers as a
source of sudden energy for muscle contraction.
Oxygen is provided by the blood, while energy is obtained from the decomposition of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and creatinphosphate. ATP breaks down into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) + Energy. Furthermore, ADP breaks down into AMP (adenosine monophosphate) +
Energy
THE DIFFERENCES
OF FAST AND SLOW MUSCLE
CONTRACTIONS
slow-twitch muscle fibers, which
move more slowly but help to keep you moving longer. These muscles help with sudden
bursts of energy involved in activities like sprinting and
jumping.
Fast twitch muscles fibers, which help
you move faster, but for shorter periods. These muscles
help with endurance and long-term activities like running or
bicycling.
MEMBRANE
POTENTIAL
DEPOLARIZATION
PROCESS
At the depolarization stage the
membrane becomes permeable to sodium ions so that a number of positively charged sodium ions diffuse into the cell axon
REPOLARIZATION
PROCESS
At the repolarization stage the membrane will be highly permeable to sodium ions, the sodium
channels will begin to close and the potassium channels will open more than usual and then, the diffusion of
potassium ions will take place rapidly to the outside and will reestablish a normal negative membrane potential.
HYPERPORARIZATIO
N PROCESS
Hyperpolarization causes the
potential to be lower than the resting membrane, this happens
because when K+ ions leave the cell or negative ions enter the cell
2208260190
Rafli Muharram Sibuea