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9.1 From the Middle Ages to the Modern Age - Coggle Diagram
9.1 From the Middle Ages to the Modern Age
Society and feudal economy
The Modern Age was a time of change and new inventions
There was a certain continuity some things stayed the same as in medieval period
Social groups were divided according to privileges
Estates of realm
Clergy
They had social and spiritual function of looking after souls of people
They enjoyed privileges, such as collecting tithes and administrating justice
Didn't pay taxes unless it was accepted in the courts
Peasants
They had no justice system of their own
They were judged by their lord
They payed taxes to support the privileged estates and the monarchy
Nobles
Collected taxes
Didn't pay taxes unless it was agreed in the parliament
Only the king or another noble could judge them
Didn't work, they considered manual labour beneath them
Limited social mobility
Privileges came with the estate people were born into
It was unlikely they could climb the social ladder and change their social position
The only way of moving upwards was through
The Church
By getting rich
Military career
Collective privileges
Cities enjoyed the main type of collective privileges
Enjoy monopolies
Administering justice
Collect taxes
In theory were for al city inhabitants
But in practice only the richest members could enjoy the privileges
Monarchs and their kingdoms
Political system was organised in the same way as society
Power was very fragmented and disputed by monarchs
Political and social conflict
Armed conflict between nobles
Violence between groups of citizens
Rebellions against monarchs and feudal lords
Estate courts and parliaments
Monarchs and privileged groups could negotiate pacefully under the king's authority
Monarchies of the 16th century
Some kingdoms joined together under the same ruler to create composite monarchies
This were made up of equal kingdoms that maintained their own laws
Kalmar Union
Crown of Aragon
There were independent political entities that acted like kingdoms
Duchy of Burgundy
Duchy of Austria
The Holy Roman Empire was a political entity with little internal connection
The title of Emperor offered more prestige than real power
Because many of the territories in the Empire were very independent
Basic traits of a new era
Religious changes
It was a time of intolerance with great persecutions of Jewish and Muslims
Social changes
The third state became more diverse and complex, as a result of urban growth
The burgeoisie acquired influence and wealth
Salaried work increased
Cultural changes
Artistic styles appeared including Renaissance art and architecture
New cultural movements
Humanism
Culture reached more people than ever
Thanks to the invention of the printing press
Political changes
The system of privileges and istitutions, such ass the estate courts and parliaments
Monarchies gained power
The royal courts became more powerful
Nobility and the clergy and the burgeoisie were involved in goverrnment
Economic changes
Craft, trade and financial activities experienced a boom
Agriculture and livestock farming continued to be the main economic acctivities
They started to use money
Factors behind geographical discovery
The 15th and 16th centuries are known for the geographical discoveries
Made throughout voyages
Economic factors
Europeans needed gold and silver to produce coins
They also depended on products from the East, such as silk and spices
Demographic factors
There was religious rivarly with Islam, which was rainforced by Ottomans
The confilct was particularly noticeable in the Iberian kingdoms
The spirit of the Crusades continued
Political and religious factors
There was religious rivarly with Islam
Was reinforced by the Ottomans
In the Iberian kingdoms the spirit of the Crusades continued
Sociological factors
The spirit of the Renaissance inspired people to discover and explore
Books like The Travels of Marco Polo also acted as inspiration
Scientific and technical factors
Advances were made in navigation with new ships
Carracks and caravels
Many geographers also started to believe
Thworld was round and not flat
