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from the middle ages to the modern age - Coggle Diagram
from the middle ages to the modern age
society and feudal econonmy
the three states of the realm
top of the social class
king
his power and position depended on the powerful privileged estates
nobles
They did not pay taxes to the king unless it was agreed on in the parliaments and courts
The most important members of the nobility were the lords of feudal manors
they collected taxes from the inhabitants
administered justice
clergy
social and spiritual function of looking after the souls of people
they did not pay taxes to the king, unless it was accepted in the courts
administered justice
High-born members of the clergy
such as bishops
could also be feudal lords and have feudal manors like nobles
Below these two estates, there was the third estate of the common people
mostly peasants
also craftsmen, traders, doctors, jurists, etc
They had no justice system of their own
They paid taxes to support the privileged estates and the monarchy
collective privileges: cities
Cities enjoyed the main type of collective privilegesv
Monarchs granted cities privileges
collecting taxes,
enjoying monopolies
administering justice in the towns under their jurisdiction
monarch and their kingdoms
Political and social conflict
armed conflict between nobles
violence between groups of citizens
rebellions against monarchs and feudal lords
The political system was organised in the same way as society
estate courts and parliaments
endured where the monarchs and the privileged groups in their kingdoms could negotiate peacefully under the king’s authority
monarch of the 16 century
Most Europeans lived in kingdoms
composite monarchies
These were made up of equal kingdoms
maintained their own laws and institutions
holy roman empire
Emperor offered more prestige than real power
a political entity with little internal cohesion
basic traits of a new era
economic changes
Craft, trade and financial activities experienced a huge boom
agriculture and livestock farming continued to be the main economic activities
cultural changes
New artistic styles appeared and new cultural movements
religious changes
it was a time of intolerance with great persecution of Jews and Muslims
There were also wars between Christians
social changes
The third estate became more diverse and complex, as a result of urban growth
The bourgeoisie acquired influence and wealth, and salaried work increased
political changes
The royal courts became more powerful
the factors behind geographical discovery
economic factors
Europeans needed gold and silver to produce coins
depended on products from the East, such as silk and spices
demographic factors
After the demographic stagnation of the Late Middle Ages
population went through a period of growth
increased the demand
of metals
of products from the east
political and religious factors
religious rivalry with Islam
particularly noticeable in the Iberian kingdoms
sociological factors
The spirit of the Renaissance inspired people to discover and explore
scientific and technical factors
Advances were made in navigation with new ships
carracks
caravels
