From the middle ages to the modern ages

the therm modern is used

to descrive new

or innovative concepts

this means

that was a time

of change

was the period

after the Middle Ages

from the 15th to 18th

was a certain continuity

society and the feudal economy

the structure of society

was the same

as in the middle ages

social groups were devided

acording to privileges

the three estates of the realm

at the top

the king

his power and

position depend

largely on the

powerful privileged estates

nobles

common people

clergy

peasants

doctors

traders

craftsmen

jurists

.

image

image

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did not work

only kings or other nobles

don't pay taxes

the most importants

lords

.

feudal manors

collected taxes

administered justice

image

social and spiritual function

of looking after

the souls of people

they collected tithes

for their own benefit

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no justice system of ther own

judged by their lords

if they lived

on a feudal manor

or by the king

if they liven in

realengo

they paid taxes

collective privilages: Cities

Cities enjoyed

main type of

collective privilages

for example:

clollecting taxes

enjoying monopolies

administering justice

in towns

under their jurisdiction

in theory

they were for all

the city inhabitants

but in practice

they restricted to its

richest members

landowners

rich traders

craftspeople

monarchs and their kingdoms

monarchs and their kingdoms

The political sistem

was organised

in the same way

as society

power was very fragmented

and disputed between monarchs

priviliged estates and cities

political and social conflicts

institutions such as

such as armed

conflict between nobles

rebellions against monarchs

and feudal lords

etc.

estate courts and parliaments

endured where

the monarchs

and the privileged groups

in their kingdoms

could negotiate peacefully

under the king’s authority

MONARCHIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY

Most Europeans lived in kingdoms

like

England

France

Portugal

Some kingdoms joined together

under the same

ruler to create

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