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From the Middle Ages to the Modern Age - Coggle Diagram
From the Middle Ages to the Modern Age
Modern used to describe new, innovative concepts
Modern Age was a time of change and new inventions.
Modern Age also period after Middle Ages.
From the 15th to the 18th centuries
There was a certain continuity.
Some things stayed the same as in medieval period
Became fewer as the Modern Age became more established.
Social groups were divided according to privileges.
Three estates of the realm
Top of the social system was the king.
Clergy
Common people
Nobles
Power and position depended on the powerful privileged estates.
Nobles and clergy played a particular role in society.
Nobles
Did not work
Considered manual labour under them.
Only king or other nobles could judge them.
Did not pay taxes to the king.
Most important members of nobility were lords of feudal manors
Collected taxes form the inhabitants and administered justice.
Clergy
Social and spiritual function of looking after the sould of people
Continued enjoying privileges
Collecting tithes for their own benefit
And also administering justice.
High-born members of the clergy
Bishops
Could also be feudal lords and have feudal manors
Nobles for example.
Monarch and their kingdoms
Political system was organised in the same way as society.
Power was very fragmented
Cities.
Enjoyed the main type of collective privileges.
Monarchs grantes cities privileges
Collective taxes, enjoying monopolies and administering justice
City council was in charge of exercising these privileges
They were restricted to its richest members.
Disputed between monarch
Political and social conflict
Armed conflicts between nobles
Violence between groups of citizens
Rebellions against monarch and feudal lords...
This was common.
Institutions such as estate courts and parliaments
Continue to exist where the monarch and the privileged groups
And also their kingdoms
Monarchies of the 16th century.
Most Europeans lived in kingdoms
England
France
Portugal
Some kingdoms joined together under the same ruler
Create composite monarchies.
Basis traits of a new era
Religious changes
Time of intolerance with great persecution of Jews and Muslims.
Also wars between Christians due to the emergence
Social changes
Third state became more divers and complex.
As urban growth.
Burgueoisie acquired influence, wealth, also salaries.
Also demographic recovery after the drop in population,14th.
Cultural changes
Artistic styles appeared, Renaissance and architecture.
New cultural movements, Humanism.
Culture reached more people, thanks to the printing press.
Europeans also discovered and explored continents
Political changes
System of privileges and institutions
The estate courts and parliaments.
They didn't disappear
But monarchies, gained power.
Royal courts became more powerful
Also more people from the nobility, clergy and burgeoisie
Were involved in government.
Economic changes
Craft, trade and financial activities experienced a huge boom.
Agriculture and livestock farming the main economic activities
Geographical exploration and discovery increased and intensified
They use the money in some areas of Western Europe.
Factors behind geographical discovery
Were several factors in Europe in the 15th-16th centuries.
Konwn for the geographical discoveries.
Factors
Political and religious factors
A religious rivalry with Islam, was reinforced by the Ottomans.
Conflict particularly noticeable in the Iberian kingdoms.
Sociological factors
Spirit of Renaissance inspired people to discover and explore.
Books The Travels of Marco Polo for example as inspiration.
Demographic factors.
It was a demographic stagnation of the Late Middle A
After that, the population went through a period growth.
Scientific and technical factors.
Advances made in navigation eith new ships
Geographers started to believe that the world, round and not flat
Portugal and prester John
Was popular in European chronicles and tradition
From the 12th to the 17th centuries.
Legend said Prester John was a Christian kingdom
Reigned in Asia or Africa
The myth was the reflection of Christian groups that still exist.
During 15th century, Portugal sent several expeditions to Africa
Try to contact Prester John.
Economic factors
Europeans needed gold and silver to produce coins
Also depended on products from the East
For example silk and spices
Byzantium was taken by the Ottoman Turks (1453)
The traditional trade route to obtain spices, closed
They had to search for alternate routes.
