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7:Assimilation (Healthcare) - Coggle Diagram
7:Assimilation (Healthcare)
a country adresses socio economic differences through healthcare (a way to close the “income gap”)
ppl in high economic groups: better treatment
ppl in low economic groups: deferred treatment if they can’t afford
market based approach: US
no interference by government
US gov does not interfere with choice of healthcare by citizens
citizens buy insurance
majority of Americans obtain insurance as part of their employment package (especially middle and higher income)
problems
costly for low income groups
ppl of low income grps may not choose to visit a doctor when they fall sick: costly and expensive
: have to pay premium: expensive
insurance usually costs a few thousand a year
fork out own cash for healthcare (your own decision on how much you want to pay for healthcare)
US gov does not interfere with setting of prices by healthcare providers
cons: prices vary significantly because up to healthcare provider to set price
cons: delayed /no treatment
public clinic
slower , not as high quality
private clinic
better and faster service/attention
keeping healthcare affordable
Medicare
for senior citizens and people that live in poverty and disabled (people in disadvantaged position)
health insurance provided to them
for Americans aged 65 or older but also those under 65 if they have : disabilities or permanent kidney failure
shared responsibility: SG
government intervenes and shares cost with citizens
ILTC (Intermediate and Long Term Care): provides further care to ppl who are stable enough to discharge from hospitals
government looks at your background, give money to help with healthcare
gives different types of wards based on background and get a amt of subsidies provided by govt
public and private healthcare service providers
built to cater to middle and lower income grps
3Ms ( Medisave, Medishield, Medifund)
MEDIFUND
money given by govt to hospitals for this
for low income grps (when they can’t afford to pay medical bills after Medisave and Medishield)
MEDISHIELD
needs long term care
for those who have long term/major illnesses
health insurance
For SGreans to pay for large hospital bills
MEDISAVE
for everyone
Compulsory for individuals saving accounts
money is contributed to a account to save for medical needs (by the working SGrean + employers; part of their monthly pay is added to the acc)
high income grps, foreigners don’t get support
government financed approach: Sweden
government provides money and services for most healthcares needed by citizens
sometimes it’s free
keeping it affordable: heavy taxes
personal and income tax rate
indirect tax (VAT: Value Added Tax) In singapore: 8%