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Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) - Coggle Diagram
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)
EGFR is a protein on cells that helps them grow.
A mutation in the gene for EGFR can make it grow too much, which can cause cancer.
Found on chromosome 7
EGFR 19 deletion or EGFR L858R point mutation (most common EGFR mutations)
Treatment:
EGFR targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) or EGFR-inhibitor
Patients with stage 4 lung cancer or stage IB-III lung cancer may have lung transplant through surgery.
A liquid biopsy can look for certain biomarkers in a patient's blood.
Gefittinib, ertotinib, afatinib, osimertinib depending on the EGFR mutation e.g., exon 18,19,20,and 21) For example, EGCF exon mutation 19 can have resistant clones which makes treatments extremely difficult
EGFR TKI has a high response rate (~60-70%) but patients may relapse within a median delay of 12 months which can lead to cause of relapse = gatekeeper mutation
Distribution
High in Asians (45-50%)
Lower in Western Europe (10%-15%)
North America (15-20%)
Higher frequencies in Vietnam, Thailand, China
Mutation mostly observed in: Woman, non-smokers
Detection Tests
Real-Time PCR
Gene Sequencing Methodologies
IHC - Specific antibody against mutant protein
Blood test: to detect ctDNA
Symptoms/Signs
Urinate more often
Itching
Feeling tired
Swelling in arms. legs, or feet
Muscle cramps
Nausea/vomiting
Loss of appetite
EGFR rate
Non-smokers - (70%)
Smokers (41.9%)
cigarette smoke exposure not only stimulates induced aberrant EGFR phosphorylation, thus impairing receptor degradation, but also resulted in a different EGFR conformation and signaling that were resistant to TKIs in the TKI-sensitive EGFR mutants.