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APPROACHES - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Behaviour is learned
        
        except innate reflexes and instincts
        
        however, evidence shows gentics effect features eg schizophrenia
      - Animals and humans learn the same way
        
        through stimulus-response associations
        
        however, while we both use conditioning, humans can also use eg, social learning
      - We cannot study the mind, only observe behaviour
        
        obtain measurable data through observing
        
        however, while we cannot measure cognitive abilities directly and scientifically, we can use the social learning theory
    - - Classical conditioning
        
        applied to human development, with comfort as an attachment
        
        eg association of the mothers voice with comfort eg changing a nappy, eating etc
        
        generalisation, similar stimuli to original CS cause CR, eg a different pitched bell
        
        discrimination, when a stimuli similar to CS doesn't produce CR, happens when UCS eg food is withdrawn in presence of similar stimulus
        
        extinction, when CR eg saliva isnt produced from CS, occurs when CS is repeatedly presented without the UCS
        
        spontaneous recovery, when an extinct CR is produce from CS, happens is CS is presented after a period of time without using it
        
        - higher order conditioning, when a new CS produces CR bc animal associated it with old CS, happens if new CS is presented repeatedly before old CS
      - Operant conditioning
        
        low generalisability and reliability- use of animals and small sample
      - Strengths and Limitations to Conditioning
        
        conditioning cant explain all behaviour, eg social learning theory
        
        different animals of diff learning capacities eg just observation, genetic influence
        
        unethical due to animal research
  - - - Results
        
        Little Albert then cried at the sight of a rat, unlike before, and other white objects eg Santa beard
      - Concl
        
        fear response conditioned to white fluffy objects- shows that abnormal behaviour can be learned
      - Evaluation
        
        unethical
        
        cannot be generalised to everyone as not everyone produces a phobia after a negative situ
        
        lab study, lacks ecological validity
        
        support pavlovs CC