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MUSCLE & NERVE INTEGRATION - Coggle Diagram
MUSCLE & NERVE INTEGRATION
AFFERENT NERVOUS SYSTEM
conduct electrical impluses from receptors on the skin, sense organ, or an internal organ to the CNS
Ubipolar
ascending
EFFERENT NERVOUS SYSTEM
brinng impluses leave the enchepalon to the bones back, then to the effector target
multipolar nerve
mostly to send massage for mauscle contraction to occur or gland secretion
decending
NERVE IMPULSE DELIVERY MECHANISM
impulses are carried through the nerve cells
impulses are sent across synapses
ELECTRICAL PHENOMENA OF NERVE CELLS
membrane potential
is the potential caused by the difference in the amount of charge on the inside and outside of the nerve cell
diffusion & active transport
mechanism
resting membrane potential
K ion diffusion potential
Na diffusion potential
Na-K ion pump
action potential
flow of positive and negative ions moving inside the cell
mechanism
rest stage
depolarisasi stage
repolarisasi stage
hiperpolarisasi satge
SYNAPS & NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION
The NMJ
Connection between axon terminals and skeletal muscles
usually the NMJ is referred to as the motor end plate
synaps
junction between 2 neurons
devided into
electric synaps
chemical synaps
INFERIOR EXTREMITY NERVE
major peripheral nerves
N. Femoris
N. Ischiadicus
branched into
N. tibialis
N.Peroneus
formed by
Ramus Anterior Plexus Lumbalis
N. Spinales L2-L3-L4
Ramus Anterior Plexus Lumbosacralis
N. Spinales L4 s.d S3
SKELETAL AND CARDIAC MUSCLES
SKELETAL
Structure
cylindrical shape
sarkolema
sarkoplasma
mitochondria
retikulum sarkoplasma
myofibril
actin filament
myosin filament
Charateristic
voluntary
many nuclei at the periphery of the muscle
CARDIAC
Structure
have the nucleus at the centre of muscle
intercalary disc
cylindrical & branched
Charateristic
Involuntary
MUSCLE & JOINT CONTRACTIONS INVOLVED
smooth muscle
Smooth muscle contraction is triggered by an increase in Ca ions in the cytosol
The increase in Ca ions in the cytosol is triggered by an action potential that opens the electrically sensitive dihydropridin receptor channels
Ca ions enter the cytosol & bind to calmodulin, thus activating the myosin kinase light chain
This allows the myosin cross-bridges to bind to actin so that the cross-bridge cycle can begin
skeletal muscle
Action potentials in the daughter cell membrane are propagated to the T tubules & sarcoplasmic reticulum
Ca ions will open
Ca ions will bind to troponin C
The active site of the myosin filament opens, causing myosin to bind to actin
SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR CONTRACTION
the main source
ATP (adenosine Triphospate)
ADP (Adenosine Diphospate)
SUPERIOR EXTREMITY NERVE
major peripheral nerves
N. Radius
N. Ulnaris
N. Medianus
formed by
Ramus Anterior Plexus Brachialis
N. Spinales C5-C6-C7-C8-T1/T2