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Networks and communication protocols - Coggle Diagram
Networks and communication protocols
Network protocols
HTTP/HTTPs (hyper text transfer protocol)
Used for accessing and receiving web pages written in HTML
FTP (file transfer protocol)
Used to transfer files between a client and server on a network
SMTP (simple mail transfer protocol)
Email protocol used for sending emails
POP (post office protocol)
Downloads every new message on your local device and deletes it from the server
IMAP (internet message access protocol)
Only deleted when the user deletes. Can be accessed by multiple devices and the messages are left on the server
TCP (transmission control protocol)
Checks for errors when data is sent
IP (internet protocol)
Routes individual packets from one IP address to the other
IP and MAC addressing
IP Address
Stands for Internet Protocol Address
Either a 4 byte (IPv4) or a 16 byte (IPv6) address
ISP provides the IP Address
Logical address of the computer
Operates in the network layer
Identifies the connection of the device on the network
Changes with the time and the environment
Can be found by a third party
Multiple client devices can share the same IP Address
Can be used for broadcasting or multicasting
Software oriented
MAC Address
Stands for Media Access Control Address
6 byte hexadecimal address
The manufacturer of the NIC Card provides the MAC address
Physical address of a computer
Operates in the data link layer
Helps in simply identifying the device
Cannot be changed with the time and environment
Can't be easily found by a third party
Cannot be shared between multiple devices
Can be used for broadcasting
Hardware oriented
Methods of data transmission
Wired
Ethernet
10 Mbps
Fibre optic
Uses light
Up to 10 Gbps
Copper cable
25-300 Mbps
Wireless
WiFi
Uses radio signals
Bluetooth
Types of Network
LAN
Local area network
Covers a small geographical area
e.g. office building
WAN
Wide area network
Covers a large geographical area
e.g. the internet
Factors affecting performance of networks
Number of users
Bandwidth
Latency
Number of errors
Transmission medium
Type of network traffic
Client-server and peer to peer networks
Client server
All the clients connect to one central server and can share resources and storage space
Peer to peer
Clients connect to one another directly, eliminating the need for a central server
The internet
DNS
The user sends the domain name (URL) to the DNS, which then finds the IP address linked to the domain name and returns it to the client so they can access the website
The cloud
Servers that are accessed over the internet that can be used for various things such as storage and other services
Star vs mesh topology
Star
Nodes connect to one central node which can be a switch, hub, server or something else
Mesh
All of the nodes connect to all (full mesh) or some (partial mesh) of the other nodes