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Part 1: Human exploration of the physical universe - Coggle Diagram
Part 1: Human exploration of the physical universe
Text1: Perception and Reality
"visible realms"
are
shadows
"Intelligible realm"
has the
Form of the Good.
"cause of all that is correct and beautiful in anything"
Ultimate
concern
for anyone seeking
true understanding
David Lindberg: Modern Science and Historian
Purpose: Explains Plato's 2 realms and their science
Seen with
toil and trouble
How does Plato's forms connect to science?
Upward journey from the sensible realm to the intelligible realm:
Ladder - Education
Idealization
is
prominent
feature of great deal of
modern science
Shared characreristics
Text2: Aristotelian physics
Aristotelian physics laid the foundation for Newtonian physics
Text 3: Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy
Math and Physics
Effects of education and the lack of it
Humans live in the underground
in
fixed
positions
Fire below and above them
Long passageway, elevated
with a
low wall
Projections of people, artifacts onto the wall.
Some of the projections talk
Humans
see this image and this image only because they are
motionless
If the humans
engaged in conversation with each other
they would figure what they
"see" is just a mirage
If the humans spoke, they'd just think it originated from the projection
Looking at the
projection
would be more
favorable, familiar and bearable
Thus, he needs
time to adjust
Step by step
Question: What's this? Or do you think he would feel with Homer that he would much prefer to
“work the earth as a serf for another man, a man without possessions of his own,”
:question:
P.15
Light to dark transition
:bulb: :dark_sunglasses:
Eyes filled with darkness
Going back down would provoke ridicule
; Will be considered not worthwhile
Realize the entire universe
Going back to
human affairs
:-1::skin-tone-5:
Time above
:+1::skin-tone-5:
Detached from people's
understanding
Allegory
of the cave: Duty to enlighten
a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one: Pilgrim's Progress is an allegory of the spiritual jour
Route to knowledge and the responsibilities
Seeks the interests' of the communitya dn not their own
The Greeks and the Cosmos
Socrates :stuck_out_tongue_closed_eyes:
Shift from
cosmological concerns to ethical and political
:thunder_cloud_and_rain:
Disciple: Plato
Started a school
Text:
The Republic
What is
justice
Thrasymachus :
the sophist (not philosopher)
a paid teacher of philosophy and rhetoric in ancient Greece, associated in popular thought with moral skepticism and specious reasoning.
Philosophers value knowledge
1.
Justice
as the
advantage of the stronger
Justice is
obedience to laws
(339b)
Justice
is nothing but the
advantage of another
(343c).
Books 2 - 4: Definition of a
just city
and a
just character
Books 5 - 7
Organization
of the
ideal city
Books 8 - 9
Degenerate
types of
constitution
Constitution
Not just politics
but also
education and culture
Carpenter try to make ideal tables
but there always exist
limitations
God ~ Cosmos has the same relation
:<3: :sparkler:
Incorporeal form
Intangible
insensible
Eternal
Changeless
Not spatial
We are
souls imprisoned in bodies
Independent
from the
material world
Opinions
about the
concept of beauty
Allows
for
knowledge
true reality
(reality
in its fullness) is located only in the
world of forms
Corporeal form
sensible
corporeal
dependent on its existense
upon the form
Does
not
allow for
knowledge
by only
opinion
Both forms are changeless in their identity
Demiurge: Divine Craftsman
Individual Beautiful Entities
Object~class relationship
Accepted sense experience
1. wholesome recreation
Observing objects with
sensible perception (geometric objects)
can direct our
souls towards nobler objects
Stirs memory of
"actual knowledge of the forms"
Knowledge thru reason
A prisoner needs to
vision
sense to
overcome the cave and apprehend the stars
Reason to process the "essential reality"
Questions: Idealization?
428 BC - 348 BC
Academy
in
Athens
Socrates-Plato-Aristotle
Politics: What is the best regiem
Ethics
Education
Pursuit of knowledge
is
more important
than
attainment of knowledge
Upward Journey
for the
soul
Critical thinking
Process of using and assessing reasons to evaluate statements, assumptions, and arguments in ordinary ..... PPT
Reflective inquiry
Necessity of probing
I don't know what I don't know - Humble
John Dewey
Thinker turns a subject over inn the mind, giving it serious and consecutive consideration
Main Character of Plato's dialogue
Main Interlocutor (gets asked questions)
Compares himself
to a
midwife
because his method of
dialectical questionin
g = the midwife's
art of delivery
Socratic ignorance:
I know that I know nothing
Death of Socrates
for
impiety
and
corrupting the youth
Philosophical discussions
instead of
sagas
Ex. Homer Saga
Dialectic: Back and Forth
:fishing_pole_and_fish:
Helps gain knowledge
Immerse yourself into
conversation
instead of
reading literature
Conversation over literature
:loudspeaker:
AKA SOCRATIC METHOD
:angel::skin-tone-4:
Change or
refine their views
in response to their challange
Timeline:
High Middle Ages
Renaissance
Scientific Revolution
Religious Wars
Enlightenment
Mercantilist Empires and War