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Membrane structure, synthesis and transport - Coggle Diagram
Membrane structure, synthesis and transport
Phospholipid bilayer
Phospholipids: amphipathic molecules.
Hydrophilic region facing outwards
Hydrophobic region facing inwards
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Asymmetrical leaflet, with different amounts of each component
Fluid-mosaic model
mosaic- lipid, protein, carbohydrate
fluid- lipids and proteins can move relative to each other within the membrane
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Fluidity of membranes
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flip-flop of lipids from one layer to another done specifically by enzyme-flippase (which requires ATP)
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Lipid rafts
lipids strongly associating with each other. A group of lipids float together within a larger sea of lipids in the membrane
composition of lipid raft is different to other parts of the membrane. Particularly in high concentrations of cholesterol, unique sets of proteins, endocytosis and cell signalling
Membrane Transport
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structure ensures that: essential molecules enter, metabolic intermediates remain and waste products exit.
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Synthesis of lipids
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Glycosylation: process of covalently attaching a carbohydrate to a protein or a lipid
Glycolipid: carbohydrate+lipid
Glycoprotein: carbohydrate+protein
Function: protection, cell recognition and cell signalling
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O-linked: occurs only in Golgi, addition of sugars to oxygen atom of serine or threonine
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Osmosis
Diffusion of water from an area of high to low concentration down a gradient through a semipermeable membrane
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In plant cells
in a hypotonic solution a turgor pressure is created as cell wall matains size and chape of the plant cell.
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