Solution: Higher prices for willingness and ability to pay, lower prices for people in-need.

Solution: providing a basic service/product free of charge, while charging a fee for advanced features and functionality

Solution: applying a financial life cycle perspective, progressive purchasing

Challenge: Mainstream investors are less likely to invest in sustainable businesses

Solution: mobilizing an online network to raise capital through relatively small contributors

Prototypical pattern

Solution: providing small loans and other financial services such as savings accounts, insurance, money transfer

Challenge: Lack of access to financial services to low-income people

Solution: investors are able to regain their initial investment, but do not receive any return on investment.

Challenge: reducing material and energy consumption as well as waste generation, stop planned obsolescence

Solution: creating a modular offering that combines a durable product with short-lived consumables.

Challenge: energy inefficient and resource wasteful throughout their life circle

Solution: Discover how product design eases or frustrates maintenance and repair, upgrading, reuse, remanufacturing, and re- or upcycling, across its entire life cycle

Challenge: Almost all economic activity relies on finite natural resources

Solution: Substitute finite resources by renewable energies, going along with biomimicry, blue economy, etc.

Challenge: Production processes often have a number of by-products, which are often seen as waste material

Solution: Taking the waste stream from one production process and turning it into resources that can be used as input in the same or other production processes

Solution: optimising material flows and reducing waste through collaboration with a close ecosystem

Challenge: leveraging wasted and underutilised resources

Challenge: a lot of what one person calls 'waste' or 'residuals' is useful for someone else

Solution: Create an e-commerce marketplace to match supply and demand

Challenge: Much of the value still contained in a product's materials is lost after the use phase when products go into landfills or incinerators

Solution: processing discarded products for the purpose of extracting secondary raw materials

Challenge: fast-placed replacement of many valuable products

Solution: transforming used products to a 'like-new' state by restoring original product functionalities

Challenge: products are thrown away even if only their parts are damaged

Solution: prolonging the life of goods by fixing the parts that are damaged or worn out

Challenge: Products are become unwanted because they are obsolete or no longer fashionable

Solution: selling, giving to someone else, extending a single-use item to multiple-use, repurposing

Solution: Implement channels that minimise the costs of collecting products or parts from customers, distributors, or other intermediaries

Challenge: users may not be willing to return used or no longer wanted products on a voluntary basis

Solution: anticipating the replacement of obsolete components with new technological innovations and aesthetic features.

Challenge: well-functioning products become obsolete and unattractive