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PHOTOSYNTHESIS 349B421A-EE43-436A-9242-19022C4475B6 - Coggle Diagram
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Overview of photosynthesis
the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy.
6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2.
Endergonic reaction
Photosynthesis power the biosphere :
Biosphere
Photosynthesis power of green plants and algae
Energy cycle
In the process plant also produce oxygen
Tropic level
Autotroph
Photoautotroph
Heterotroph
Chloroplast
MesophyII
Stomata
Carbon dioxide enters and oxygen exits leaf through pores called stomata
Green pigmen is chlorophyII
Chloroplast anatomy
Thylakoid membrane
Granum
Outer and inner membrane separates by inter membrane space
Two stage of photosynthesis
Light reaction
Take place in thylakoid membrane
Produce ATP,NADPH,O2
Calvin cycle
Occure in stroma
Use ATP and NADPH to incorporate CO2 into carbohydrates
Reaction that harness ligh energy
Light is electromagnetic radiation
Waves travel from short to long wavelengths
Photons
Photosynthesis pigments
Leaves are green because they absorb red and violet ans reflect green wavelengths
Amount of energy needed to boost an electron to a higher orbit
Absorption
Rate of photosynthesis by whole plant ay specific wavelengths
Action spectrum
Wavelengths that are absorbed by different pigment
Photosystem
Photosystem I
Initial step in photosynthesis
Energy used to make H+ electrochemical gradient
Photosystem II
Primary pale to make NADPH
H+ gradient generated three ways
ATP synthesis in chloroplast
Photophosphorylation
Floe H+ from thylakoid lumen into stroma via ATP synthase
Noncyclic electron flow
Produces ATP , NADPH
Linear process
Cyclic electron flow
Produce ATP
Electron cycling
Three chemical products
NADPH
ATP
O2
Molecular features of Photosystem
Enhancement effect
Simultaneous flashes
Existence of two Photosystem
Z scheme
Increase and decrease in the energy of an electron
Starts with the lowest energy
Zigzag shape of energy curve
Photosystem I boosts the electron
Investigation the redox machine
An redox machine in Photosystem II
Two main components
Light harvesting complex
Reaction center
Synthesizing carboydrates via the Calvin cycle
Require massive input of energy
Product is glyceraldehyde -3-phosphate
CO2 Incorporated into carbohydrates
Phases
Phase 1
Carbon fixation
Phase 2
Reduction and carboydrates production
Phase 3
Regeneration of RuBP
Variations in photosynthesis
Environmental conditions
Photorespirstion decreases the efficiency of photosynthesis
Rubisco function as a carboxylase3
Rubisco can also be an oxygenate
Favored when CO2 low and O2high
