INTRODUCTION TO ENERGY , ENZYME AND METANOLISM 
Energy and chemical reaction
Chemical energy
Law of thermodynamics
Two forms
Enzyme and ribozymes :
Kinetic energy
Potential energy
The energy in molecular bonds in a form of potential energy
First law
Second law
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Increases the entropy
Total energy = usable energy + nsable
Spontaneous reaction
Exergonic ( spontaneous
Endergonic ( not spontaneous )
Enzymes
Ribozymes
Catalyst
An agent that speed up the rate of chemical energy
Proteins catalysts in living cells
RNA molecules with catalytic properties
Example : ribosome and splicesome
Enzyme reaction
Saturation
Michelins constant
Inhibition
Competitive inhibitor
Noncompatitive inhibitor
Molecules bind to active site
Inhibitor bind to allosteric site
Requirements for enzyme
Cofactor
Coenzyme
Prosthetic group
Metabolism
Catabolic pathways
Anabolic pathway
Metabolic pathways in chemical reaction
Breakdown cellular components
Exergonic
Synthesis cellular components
Endergonic
Energy stored in intermediates such as attached, NADH
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RECYCLING of organic molecules
MRNA degradation
Proteasome
Regulation of metabolic pathway
Lysosome
NADH
Redox reaction
Oxidation
Reduction
Removal of electron
Addition of electron
Electron removed by oxidation of organic molecules are used to create energy intermediates like NADH
NADH useful in two ways
Releases lot energy when oxidized that can be used it make ATP
Can donate electron during synthesis reaction to energize them
Gene regulation
Cellular regulation
Biochemical regulation
Exonucleases
Exosome
Enzyme cleave off nucleitides fron 5 end
Mutiprotiens complex uses exonucleases to clean mRNA from the 3 end
Proteases
Ubiquities
Break don peotiens using protease enzyme
Tags target protein to the proteasome to be broken down and recycles
Cleave bind between amino acids
Contain hydrolases to break down protine …
Autophagy
Recycling worn out organelles using an Autophagy some
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