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INTRODUCTION TO ENERGY , ENZYME AND METANOLISM BC91E81F-B184-48A4-A0D5…
INTRODUCTION TO ENERGY , ENZYME AND METANOLISM
Energy and chemical reaction
Chemical energy
The energy in molecular bonds in a form of potential energy
Law of thermodynamics
First law
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Second law
Increases the entropy
Total energy = usable energy + nsable
Spontaneous reaction
Exergonic ( spontaneous
Endergonic ( not spontaneous )
Two forms
Kinetic energy
Potential energy
Metabolism
Catabolic pathways
Breakdown cellular components
Exergonic
Energy stored in intermediates such as attached, NADH
Anabolic pathway
Synthesis cellular components
Endergonic
Metabolic pathways in chemical reaction
RECYCLING of organic molecules
MRNA degradation
Exonucleases
Enzyme cleave off nucleitides fron 5 end
Exosome
Mutiprotiens complex uses exonucleases to clean mRNA from the 3 end
Proteasome
Proteases
Cleave bind between amino acids
Ubiquities
Tags target protein to the proteasome to be broken down and recycles
Break don peotiens using protease enzyme
Regulation of metabolic pathway
Gene regulation
Cellular regulation
Biochemical regulation
Lysosome
Contain hydrolases to break down protine …
Autophagy
Recycling worn out organelles using an Autophagy some
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NADH
Electron removed by oxidation of organic molecules are used to create energy intermediates like NADH
NADH useful in two ways
Releases lot energy when oxidized that can be used it make ATP
Can donate electron during synthesis reaction to energize them
Redox reaction
Oxidation
Removal of electron
Reduction
Addition of electron
Enzyme and ribozymes :
Enzymes
Proteins catalysts in living cells
Enzyme reaction
Saturation
Michelins constant
Ribozymes
RNA molecules with catalytic properties
Example : ribosome and splicesome
Catalyst
An agent that speed up the rate of chemical energy
Inhibition
Competitive inhibitor
Molecules bind to active site
Noncompatitive inhibitor
Inhibitor bind to allosteric site
Requirements for enzyme
Cofactor
Coenzyme
Prosthetic group
