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GIẢ ĐỊNH CÁCH (SUBJUNCTIVE) - P1 - Coggle Diagram
GIẢ ĐỊNH CÁCH (SUBJUNCTIVE) - P1
“Wish” sentence
A. Wish + to do / wish somebody something / wish somebody to do something.
I wish to pass the entrance exam.
I wish you happy birthday.
I wish you to become a good teacher.
Chú ý: trong trường hợp này, chúng ta có thể thay thế “wish” bằng “want” hoặc “would like”
I would like / want to speak to Ann. Câu mơ ước phải lùi một thì
B. Wish (that)+ subject + past tense : thể hiện sự nuối tiếc trong hiện tại, điều không có thật ở hiện tại
I don't know the answer. I wish I knew the answer.
I wish I knew his address. (thật ra tôi không biết địa chỉ của anh ta)
I wish I had a car.
I wish I were rich.
Chú ý: trong câu “wish” không có thật ở hiện tại, dùng “were” nếu là động từ tobe cho tất cả các ngôi.
C. Wish (that) + subject + past perfect: thể hiện sự tiếc nuối trong quá khứ
I didn't go to his party. I wish I had gone to his party.
I wish I hadn’t spent so much money.(sự thực là tôi đã tiêu rất nhiều tiền)
I wish I had seen the film last night. (sự thực là tôi không xem phim tối qua)
D. A + wish (that) + B + would do something: phàn nàn hoặc muốn thay đổi tình huống hiện tại ( A, B là hai người khác nhau)
I wish they would stop making noise.
I wish it would stop raining hard in summer.
I wish she could meet me next week.
“If only” sentence: giá như…..
A. If only + present tense / future tense: diễn tả hi vọng trong tương lai
If only he comes in time = we hope he will come in time.
If only he will listen to her = we hope he will be willing to listen to her.
B. If only + simple past: diễn đạt hành động không có thật ở hiện tại
If only there were snow in summer.
We could go skiing. If only he would join our party.
C. If only + past perfect: diễn đạt hành động không có thật ở quá khứ
If only the Bush government hadn’t spead war in Irak, million people there wouldn’t have been killed.
D. If only ….would do….= person A wish person B would do something
You are driving too dangerously. If only you would drive slowly = I wish you would drive slowly
“As if/as though” sentence
A. As if/as though + simple past:
diễn đạt hành động không có thật ở hiện tại
It’s very cold today. It looks as if/as though it were autumn now.(thực ra bây giờ đang là mùa hè) He isn't my father. He is talking as if he were my father.
B. As if/as though + past perfect:
diễn đạt hành động không có thật ở quá khứ
The whole were seriously damaged. It looks as if it had been destroyed by bombs. (thực ra đó là do động đất) He talked as if he had gone to London.
C. As if/as though + present tense:
mô tả hành động có thật
It looks as if it is going to rain. (Trông trời như sắp mưa)
He appears running from a fierce dog. –> It looks as if he is running from a fierce dog.
Other subjunctive structures
• It’s time somebody did something: đã đến lúc ai đó phải làm gì ở hiện tại.
The exam is coming. It’s time they worked hard.
Chúng ta có thể dùng cấu trúc “It’s high time somebody did something” để nhấn mạnh hơn ý muốn nói.
It’s high time we started.
It was time sb had done
Ví dụ: It was time they had left for their office.
• Person A would rather person B did something: đề nghị ai đó một cách lịch sự ở hiện tại
A: Would you mind if I smoke? B: I’d rather you didn’t smoke. I 'd rather you didn't talk in class now.
would rather sb had done sth: I'd rather they had prepared more food last week.
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES – SUBJUNCTIVE Type 2, 3, Mixed