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Membrane structure ,synthesis ,transport B7F857EF-CA9A-49AD-BFE4…

- - - - Region faces in
    - - Region faces out
  - - - Lipid , protein , carbohydrates
    - - Lipids and proteins can move
  - - - Transmembrane proteins
      - Lipid-anchored proteins
    - - Non Covalenty bound
- - - - Unique set of membrane proteins
      - Play role in endocytosis and cell signaling
      - High concentration of cholesterol
- - - - Glycolipid
        
        Carbohydrate to lipid
      - Glycoprotein
        
        Carbohydrate to protein
      - N-linked Glycosylation
        
        Attachment ofcarbohydrate to nitrogen atom of asparagine
        
        Occur in ER
      - O-linked Glycosylation
        
        Addition of sugars to O atom of serine or threonine side chain
        
        Occurs in Golgi
- - - - Solute concentration is higher and water concentration lower on one side
    - - Solute concentration is lower and water concentration higher on one side
    - - Equal water and solute concentration in both side
  - - - Facilated diffusion
        
        Diffusion of a solute through a membrane with the aid of a transport protein
      - Passive diffusion
        
        Diffusion of a solute through a membrane without transport protein
    - - Require energy - up or against gradient
  - - - Crenation
        
        Shrinkage
      - Osmotic lysis
        
        Swelling and bursting
      - Maintain a balance between extra cellular and intracellular solute concentration
    - - Turgor pressure
        
        Pushes plasma membrane against cell wall
      - Plymolysis
        
        Plant wilting because water leaves plant cells
      - Cell wall prevent major change in cell size
  - - - Channels
        
        Open passageway for direct diffusion of ion or olecules across the membrane
        
        Example ; Aquaporins
      - Transporters
        
        Conformational change transport solute across membrane
        
        Such as ; Sugar , amino acid , nucleotides
        
        Transporter types
        
        Uniporter
        
        Single molecule or ion
        
        Symporter
        
        Two or more ion or molecule transported in same direction
        
        Antiporter
        
        Two or more ions or molecules transported in opposite direction
        
        Active transport
        
        Movement of the solute across a membrane against its gargient
        
        Type of active transport
        
        Primary active transport
        
        Secondary active transport
        
        Require energy (ATP)
    - - Exocytosis
        
        Material inside the cell packaged intro vesicles
      - Endocytosis
        
        Pinocytosis
        
        Phagocytosis
        
        Receptor- mediated endocytosis