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Changing Places, orientalism -- The limitation or depiction of the east…
Changing Places
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Perspective on places
Insiders:
- People who feel at home within a place
- Born in
- Citizenship
- Fluent in the local language and conform with idioms.
Outsiders:
- Opposite to insiders
- This feeling of belonging can change over time
- Not accustomed to the culture, social norms and dialect
- shops and restaurants along high street may be unfamiliar.
- architecture and vehicles are different to those they are used to.
Perspective of place can change over time so that people who identified as insiders start to feel like outsiders. ~ Large influx of immigrants into an area can change the characteristics making surroundings feel unfamiliar, while some may embrace the change.
Gentrification ~ process of renovation and improvement of housing to suit a middle class audience, usually leading to higher house prices.
Gentrification can cause insiders to feel like outsiders as house prices and cost of living increases many people can't afford it
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The other
- refers to people who are unfamiliar or different to the self
This can lead to conflict or social tensions between people who have different 'identities' (qualities, beliefs, attachments etc..)
When someone is seen as 'other' it is easier for them to be prejudiced against.
Conflict could also be due to racism or xenophobia (fear or distrust to something that is uncommon or out of place ). Xenophobia is most commonly seen in modern day society as suspicion towards migrants and foreigners. This links into prejudice and is a complicated issue to solve. Identity and mindsets such as racism and xenophobia can lead to segregation and also shape places
This sense of 'other' isn't limited to how residents see immigrants. Immigrants can also see native
residents as 'other'; both these interactions can mean a lack of social integration
Tim Cresswell --> People, thing and places are strongly linked. when a person is out of place a crime is commited
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Kings Cross
- Post WWII, area went into decline, has become a symbol of blight & decay
- Problems of crime, unemployment, & poor quality
- 1996 decision to move Channel Tunnel Rail Link was the catalyst for change
- The Landowners decided to develop the land
- 2006, outlined planning permission was granted
Regeneration
- Long-term process involving redevelopment & the use of social, economic & environmental action to reverse urban decline & create sustainable communities
Rebranding
- Place is redeveloped & marketed so that it gains a new identity. Can attract new investment, retailing, tourists & residents.
Re-imaging
- Disassociates a place from bad pre-existing images in relation to poor housing, social deprivation, high levels of crime, environmental pollution & industrial dereliction. It can then attract new investment, retailing, tourists & residents
Types of place:Near places
- Close to us
- Subjective ~ Someone in the outback may think 100km away to be near whereas in the UK 100km away could be in France.
Far places
- Distant
- Some are homesick 10 minutes away, feeling emotionally 'far' away while they are physically close.
Experienced places
- Places we have actually visited.
- Places we have spent time in
- Some suggest that what you can take in through the media is enough to create an emotional attachment.
Media places
- Places we haven't visited but may have learnt about through media. ~ Can be fictitious
- The reality of a place can be far different to that put across by the media, most clearly through the portrayal of rural places
- Rural living has been idyll-ised & countryside living has been stereotyped as involving a happy, healthy & close-knit community experiencing few of the problems of urban life
- City life is often stereotyped in a negative way. Economic & social deprivation, homelessness, crime, vandalism & pollution
Genius loci ~ The spirit of a place. > Suggests every place has a unique spirit or atmosphere, based on everything the location is made up of, now and in the past.
Place character: The specific qualities or features of a location that make it unique. Affected by endogenous and exogenous factors.
- Endogenous factors ~ Originate from within the place
- Land use ~ Urban or rural
- Topography ~ Relief
- Physical Geography ~ Such as waterfalls and estuaries
- Infrastructure ~ Built services that enhance living conditions
- Demographic characteristics ~ Age, gender
- Built environment ~ Architecture
- Location ~ Elevation, Distance to coast
- Economic characteristics ~ In debt, Growth market, Ageing industries
- The Index of Multiple Deprivation
- Qualitative study measuring deprivation at small-area level across England, can be used to show economic inequality between & within different places
- Exogenous factors ~ Originate from outside a place
- People ~ Tourism, workers, migrants, refugees
- Money and investment ~ Trade deals, tax, new business
- Resources ~ Availability of raw material, products, food, water and energy
- Ideas ~ Entrepreneurs may move to an area bringing new businesses with them
Source reliability ~ Sources can be given in exams that need to be analysed, Source reliability refers to:
- Bias
- Source manipulation
- Does the source give a positive or negative portrayal of a place
- Is the source balanced
- Purpose of the source
- who made the source
- Do other sources describing a place offer a different perspective, or support the source
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