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DNA repair - Coggle Diagram
DNA repair
Base excision repair
Protects DNA from effects of oxidation, alkylation and deamination
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Uracil DNA glycosylase
Uracil gets into DNA when cytosine is deaminated and when dUTP is misincorporated during DNA synthesis
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PCR
Taq DNA polymerase meant researchers had a thermostable enzyme for repeat PCR cycling, but had no proof reading process so had a higher mutation rate
Requirements: Known DNA sequence, primers, thermostable DNA polymerase, dNTPs, thermal cylinder
Primer characteristics
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similar melting point of DNA, so similar GC bonds
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products start to form after the third cycle since in the first 2 DNA extends past primer (no blunt end)
Direct Repair
it is the elimination of damage using chemical reversion that does not require a nucleotide template, breaking the backbone or DNA synthesis
Repair SS breaks
The break arises from replication, recombination or radiation
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Photoreactivation
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reduced FAD becomes excited when it absorbs blue light energy and donates an electron to the pyrimidine dimer, which breaks the covalent bonds. the electron is then transferred back
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Mismatch repair
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Dam methylase adds methyl group to adenine in GATC 5'-3' sequence, which allows identification of new strands
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