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organic molecules - Coggle Diagram
organic molecules
carbon
has four electrons in the outer shell
needs four more electrons to fill the whole shell
it can also form non polar and polar bonds
oxygen with carbon are polar while carbon with hydrogen is non polar .
double and single bonds are also formed
types of organic molecules
carbohydrates
based of carbon , hydrogen and oxygen atoms .
three types are monosaccharides, polysaccharides and disaccharides
monosaccharides are simple sugars as it mostly have 5 to 6 carbons . it has two different structures( rings , linear).
glucose isomers are structural isomers that have different arrangements of the same elements such as glucose and galactose.
stereoisomers
polysaccharides are one and more monosaccharides linked together to form long polymers. energy storage and structural are examples .
lipids
it is composed of hydrogen and carbon atoms with some oxygen . in addition lipids are non polar and insoluble in water.it includes fats, phospholipids , steroids and waxes
fats are also triglycerides as that is formed by joining glycerol and 3 fatty acids . it is also joined by dehydration and broken apart by hydrolysis.
satured is tend to be solid at the room temperature as it is a single bonding
unsaturated is tend to be liquid in the room temperature as it contain one or more double bonds .
phospholipids is form of glycerol, two fatty acids and a phosphate group
phosphate head is polar
fatty acid tail is non polar
steroids are four interconnected rings of carbon atoms as it is usually insoluble
protein
contains carbon , hydrogen and oxygen
isomers
stereoisomers
having the same bonding relationship but different spatial positioning of atoms
cis-trans isomers
having the double bond positioning
enantiomers
the identical mirror image molecules
strucural isomers
that contain the same atoms but differences on the relationship of the bonding .
formation
hydrolysis
breaking down polymers to monomers
molecules of water is added meanwhile a monomer is released and that breaks a thousands of polymers also catalyzed by enzymes .
dehydration recation
forming linkage monomers to become polymers
the molecules of water is removed to link the monomers therefore a thousands of polymers are formed as it is catalyzed by enzymes .