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Chapter 4 - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 4
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Two categories of cell :
1: Prokaryotic cells: are a lot smaller than a eukaryotic cell - have a simple structure no nucleus, no membrane, and bond organelles - a small structure called ribosomes are scattered throughout its cytoplasm- the cell DNA is located in a region of the cytoplasm called nucleoid region- cell wall that surrounds the plasma membrane - singel called - single circular chromosome
2: Archaea : small cells , 1μm-10μm - less common - often found in extreme environments
Typical bacterial cell: inside the plasma membrane: 1 : cytoplasm: contained within plasma membrane 2: Nucleic region: where DNA is located 3: Ribosomes: synthesize protein - outside the plasma membrane : 1: Cell wall: provides support and protection 2: Glycocelyx: traps water, gives protection, help evade immune system 3: Appendages: pilli (attachment ), flagella (movement)
1: Bacteria: small cells, 1μm-10μm in diameter - very a abundant in the environment and our bodies - the vast majority are not harm harmful to humans - some species cause disease
2 : Eukaryotic cells :contain a membrane-bond nucleus, and other membrane-bond organells - larger and much more complicated than prokaryotic cells - DNA os housed inside membrane-bond nucleus - compartmentallized functions - organelles : membrane-bond compartments - single-celled or multicellular - multiple linear chromosomes
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- the structure of a protein determines function: which proteins are expresses - levels of expression - which subtypes of protiens are expressed - post/ transitional modifications
Cell structure :
1 : Cytosol : the region of eukaryotic cells outside the cell organelles but inside thw plasma membrane ( include : cytosol , endomembrane system , semiautonomous organelles
2 : Cytoskeleton :
1 : Microtubules : long , hollow cylindrical structure
2: Intermediate filaments : keratin , lamin , form twisted , ropelike structure , more permenant
3: Actin filaments : microfilaments , long , thin fibers
Motor protiens : use ATP as source of energy for movement , 3 domains : the head , hinge, and tail
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-Semiautonomous organelles : grow and divide to reproduce themselves - they are not completetly atutonomous because they depend on the cell for synthesis of intrnal components
1 : Mitochondria : role : making ATP - outer and inner membrane - syntheisi. modification and breakdown of cellular molecules- contain their own DNA - divide be fission
2 : chloroplasts : photosynthesis ( synthesize glucose )- found in plants and algae - outer and inner membrane
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