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General features of cells, Both: Have their own DNA Divide by…
General features of cells
Cell structure
Eukaryotes
common: nucleus - peroxisome - endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - plasma membrane - cytosol - mitochondria
Animal cell:
Centrosome
Lysosome
Plant cell:
Chloroplast
Cell wall
Vacuole
variation of cells
In different cells:
DNA is identical
proteomes is different (determine the characteristics)
Prokaryotes
Bacteria & Archaea
Inside plasma membrane:
Cytoplasm, nucleoid region, ribosomes.
Outside plasma membrane:
Cell wall, glycocalyx, appendages.
Cytosol
outside the organelles but inside the membrane
region for metabolic activities
Nucleus and endomembrane system
Peroxisome:
Breaking down harmful molecules
Plasma membrane:
Membrane transport
Cell signaling
Cell adhesion
ER
Smooth ER: detoxification and lipid synthesis
Rough ER: protein synthesis and sorting, Glycosylation
Golgi apparatus:
Secretion
Processing
Protein sorting
Lysosomes:
Digest large molecules and recycling worn out organelles (autophagy)
Vacuoles: different functions based on the environment
Central vacuole
Contractile vacuole
Phagocytic vacuole
Nucleus:
have nuclear envelope with pores.
site where genetic information is organized and expressed.
Semiautonomous organelles
Chloroplast:
Photosynthesis
Mitochondria:
make ATP
Endosymbiosis theory
protein sorting to organelles
Cotranslational sorting:
For: nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, peroxisomes
post-translational sorting:
For: ER, Golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles, plasma membrane, secreted proteins
Cytoskeleton (cell shape)
Intermediate filaments: Keratin and lamin
Actin filaments
Microtubules
Motor protein
carry the cargo along the filament
remain in place, filament moves
and filament restrained which bends the filament
Both:
Have their own DNA
Divide by binary fission
Have outer & inner membrane