Chapter 3

Single strand / Several forms

Definition

Formation of organic molecules

Major type of organic molecules and macromolecules

Isomors

Lipids

Proteins

Carbohydrate

Nucleic Acid

DNA

RNA

Phospholipids

Steroids

Fats(triglycerides)

Polysaccharides

Disaccharides

Monosaccharides

Single strand / Several forms

U/A/C/G

Ribose

T/A/C/G

Deoxyribose

2 Strands, double helix/ 1 form

Glycerol and 3 fatty acids are bind together by ester bond joined bydehydration

Fromed from glycerlo, two fatty acids and a phosphate group

Phosphate head-polar(hydrophilic)

Fattty acid tail-nonpolar(hydrophobic)

Four interconnected rings of carbon atoms

Monomers(amino acids) / polymers( polypeptides)

Carboxyl group and amino group forms peptidebond /proteins may be formd onre or several polypeptides

Condensation or dehyration: water molecule is removed to build polymer and it catalyzed by enzyme

Hydrolysis: water molecule is added to break a polymer

Stereoisomers: Two molecules are described as stereoisomers if they are made of the same atoms connected in the same sequence, but the atoms are positioned differently in space.

Structural isomers: the atoms are completely arranged in a different order with the same molecular formulas.

Enantiomers

Cis-trans isomers

Organic molecules contain carbon and abundant in living organisms

Zahra Abiib 202104855