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PARTS OF SPEECH - Coggle Diagram
PARTS OF SPEECH
NOUNS
TYPES
ABSTRACT NOUNS
They refer to ideas, experiences, qualities or imaginary objects created by thought, but which are imperceptible to the senses.
For examples: honesty, joy, love, fiction
COUNTABLE NOUNS
They name tangible objects or substances that can be counted, divided or multiplied, and grouped. They can be used in the plural and admit quantifiers.
For examples: apple, notebook, flower.
CONCRETE NOUNS
They name material objects, tangible and perceptible by the senses.
For examples: stone, pineapple, chair
COMMON NOUNS
They designate objects, places, people, animals, or abstract entities, without distinguishing one from another. Generally, they are accompanied by an article.
For examples: boat, horse, child
PROPER NOUNS
They uniquely designate people, animals, places, events, companies or things. They must be written with a capital letter.
For examples: Rome, Mariela, Hamlet
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
They designate entities that are not divisible. Although they are divisible, they cannot be separated into units or grouped into sets.
For examples: air, wind, water, sand, bravery, ferocity.
COLLECTIVE NOUNS
They refer to collections or groups.
For examples: pride, band, herd, crew
INDIVIDUAL NOUNS
They refer to a single individual, entity or object. When they are in the plural, they can designate more than one.
For examples: giraffe, table, kid
PRONOUNS
Possessive pronoun
Used to express ownership or possession
I went to the market to pick up
my
lunch very quickly
Reflexive pronouns
Reflexive pronoun is a pronoun used as an object that refers to the same person or thing as the subject
The puppy looked at
himself
in the mirror.
Personal pronouns
Personal pronouns are used to replace proper names
Olivia went to bed early because
she
(Olivia) worked hard today.
Relative pronouns
Relative pronouns usually introduce relative clauses that describe nouns or other pronouns.
Juan was the only student
who
knew the right answer.
Indefinite pronouns
Indefinite pronoun is a pronoun that doesn’t specifically identify what it is referring to
Someone
ate the last slice of Keke
Demonstrative pronouns
Demonstrative pronoun is a pronoun used to point to specific people or things.
That
looks like a poisonous snake.
Interrogative pronouns
Interrogative pronoun is a pronoun used to ask a question
Who
built this shed?
Intensive pronouns
Intensive pronoun is a pronoun that refers back to the subject of a sentence in order to emphasize it.
The student made the project
themself.
Reciprocal pronouns
Reciprocal pronouns refer to a situation where someone or something performs an action on others and receives the same action in return.
The coaches spoke to
each other
about strategy.
VERBS
TYPES OF VERBS
ACTION VERBS
Action verbs are words that express action (give, eat, walk, etc.) or possession (have, own, etc.). Action verbs can be either transitive or intransitive
TRANSITIVE VERBS
A transitive verb always has a noun that receives the action of the verb, called the direct object.
EXAMPLE: Laurissa raises her hand.
INTRANSITIVE VERBS
An intransitive verb never has a direct or indirect object. Although an intransitive verb may be followed by an adverb or adverbial phrase, there is no object to receive its action.
EXAMPLE: Laurissa rises slowly from her seat.
LINKING VERBS
A linking verb connects the subject of a sentence to a noun or adjective that renames or describes the subject. This noun or adjective is called the subject complement.
EXAMPLE: Jason became a business major.
HELPING VERBS
Helping verbs are used before action or linking verbs to convey additional information regarding aspects of possibility (can, could, etc.) or time (was, did, has, etc.). The main verb with its accompanying helping verb is called a verb phrase.
EXAMPLE: Teju is (helping verb) going (main verb) to Florida.
ADVERBS
TYPES
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
Basically, a conjunctive adverb is an adverb that acts like a conjunction; a conjunctive adverb is used to connect two clauses or two sentences together.
For example:
I went to the store to buy new shoes. However, the store was already closed when I got there
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
A number of adverbs are used to describe the frequency of an event. By doing so, these adverbs describe how often something happens.
Examples: constantly, frequently, occasionally, sometimes, usually, never, always, rarely, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly
ADVERBS OF TIME
Adverbs of time include words that refer to specific times and more general time periods
Examples:
• today, yesterday, tomorrow, tonight, soon, later, now, eventually, forever, still, yet, early, late, recently, since
ADVERBS OF MANNER
Adverbs of manner tell us how something happens. A huge number of adverbs fall under this type and many of the -ly adverbs formed from adjectives fit into this group.
Examples:
• angrily, cautiously, hungrily, nicely, slowly, deftly, precisely, unknowingly, loudly
ADVERBS OF DEGREE
Generally, adverbs of degree describe the intensity of an action or quality. These adverbs are often used as intensifiers to describe adjectives and other adverbs.
Examples:
• very, really, extremely, incredibly, too, quite, barely, deeply, fairly, greatly, hardly, highly, intensely, somewhat, totally, little, less, least, much, more, most
ADVERBS OF PLACE
Adverbs of place tell us where something happens.
Examples:
• here, there, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, wherever, on, off, over, under, away, left, right, north, south, east, west
ADJECTIVES
TYPES
PROPER ADJECTIVES
Proper adjectives are the adjective form of proper nouns. When proper nouns modify or describe other nouns/pronouns, they become proper adjectives.
For example: American cars are very strong.
DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES
A demonstrative adjective directly refers to something or someone. Demonstrative adjectives include the words: this, that, these, those
Fot example: That building is so gorgeously decorated. (‘That’ refers to a singular noun far from the speaker)
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
A possessive adjective indicates possession or ownership. It suggests the belongingness of something to someone/something.
Some of the most used possessive adjectives are my, his, her, our, their, your.
For example: My car is parked outside.
INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVES
An interrogative adjective asks a question. An interrogative adjective must be followed by a noun or a pronoun. The interrogative adjectives are: which, what, whose.
For example: Which phone do you use?
QUANTITATIVE ADJECTIVES
A quantitative adjective provides information about the quantity of the nouns/pronouns. This type belongs to the question category of ‘how much’ and ‘how many’.
For example: I have 20 bucks in my wallet. (How much)
INDEFINITE ADJECTIVES
An indefinite adjective describes or modifies a noun unspecifically. They provide indefinite/unspecific information about the noun. The common indefinite adjectives are few, many, much, most, all, any, each, every, either, nobody, several, some, etc.
For example: Several writers wrote about the recent incidents.
DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVES
A descriptive adjective is a word which describes nouns and pronouns. Most of the adjectives belong in this type. These adjectives provide information and attribute to the nouns/pronouns they modify or describe. Descriptive adjectives are also called qualitative adjectives.
For example: I have a fast car. (The word ‘fast’ is describing an attribute of the car)
CONJUNCTION
Conjunctions are words that link other words, phrases, or clauses together.
Sophie is clearly exhausted,
yet
she insists on dancing till dawn.
Coordinating conjunctions
Correlative conjunctions
Subordinating conjunctions
Subordinating conjunctions join independent and dependent clauses. Common subordinating conjunctions are because, since, as, although, though, while, and whereas.
I drank a glass of water
because
I was thirsty.
Because
I was thirsty, I drank a glass of water.
Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions that work together. Some examples are either/or, neither/nor, and not only/but also.
Not only
am I finished studying for English, but I’m also finished writing my history essay.
The most common coordinating conjunctions are for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so
Jesse didn’t have much money,
but
she got by.
PREPOSITION
A preposition is a word used before a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase. "in," "at," "on," "of," and "to."
I prefer to read
in
the library.
Prepositions of Direction
To refer to a direction, use the prepositions "to," "in," "into," "on," and "onto."
She drove
to
the store.
Prepositions of Time
Prepositions of Place
Prepositions of Location
Prepositions of Spatial Relationships
To refer to a spatial relationship "above," "across," "against," "ahead of," "around," "behind," "below,"
The post office is
across
the street from the grocery store.
To refer to a location, use the prepositions "in" (an area or volume), "at" (a point), and "on" (a surface).
They live
in
the country.
To refer to a place, use the prepositions "in" (the point itself), "at" (the general vicinity), "on" (the surface), and "inside" (something contained).
Place the pen
inside
the drawer.
To refer to one point in time, use the prepositions "in," "at," and "on."
He reads
in
the evening.
INTERJECTION
Interjections are often used to express sudden bursts of emotion such as anger, shock, joy, or confusion
Ouch!
That hurts!
Um-hum.
I think that could work.