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The chemical basis of life - Coggle Diagram
The chemical basis of life
Organic molecules and macromolecules
Proteins: composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.
protein structures
Secondary structure
Primary structure
Tertiary structure
Quaternary structure
Lipids: (hydrocarbons)
include 4 categories
Fats
two categories:
Saturated fats Example: animal fats.
Unsaturated fats Example: olive oil.
Phospholipids
Steroids:
Cholesterol
Waxes
Carbohydrates (carbon, oxygen, hydrogen)
Polysaccharides:
Energy storage: starch, glycogen
Structural: cellulose, chitin
Disaccharides:
Example: sucrose, maltose
Monosaccharides:
Pentoses: ribose, deoxyribose
Hexoses: glucose
Nucleic acids : (carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphate)
RNA: translation
DNA: stores genetic data
The essential element of life
"Carbon" forms 4 bonds
single bonds
double bonds
non polar
polar
Functional groups:
•A group of atoms that possess certain properties to perform a specific function
Isomers
structural isomers
stereoisomers:.
• Cis-trans isomer. • Enantiomers
Formation of organic molecules and macromolecules:
Dehydration or condensation
forming long polymers by removing a water molecule.
Hydrolysis
Both reactions are repeated and are catalyzed by enzymes
breaking down polymers by adding back a water molecule.