NATIONALISM: INDEPENDENCE AND UNIFICATIONS

Nation and nationalism

The independence of Latin America

The unification of Germany

The unification of Italy image

Nationalism was influenced by different causes

Napoleon and the Congress fo Vienna

Liberal economy

Liberalism

Types of nationalist movements

Unifying movements

Independence movements

Like Greece from the Ottoman Empire image

Juntas established the beggining of the independence of Latin America

Urban development

Mexico City

Bogota

Caracas

Quito

Buenos Aires

Independence process was violent

Fernando VII refused to make changes in the colonies

Mayor protest in Mexico in 1810

Bolívar and San Martín in New Granada(1811) image

and in Rio de la Plata(1816)

They both met in Peru

Consequences of the emancipation of Latin America

Political consequences

Economic consequences

Social consequences

The German Confederation replaced the Holy Empire image

Kingdom of Prussia mantained its power

Part of the Austrian Empire was within the German Confederation

It had an assembly, called the Diet

It was opposed to liberalism and nationalist movements

Prussia created the Zollverein or Custom Union, excluding the Austrians image

This commercial union promoted economic development

Finally, Bismarck planned the annexation of Alsace and Lorraine

The French were defeated at the Battle of Sedan and the Prussians occupied Paris, declasin the Second Reich in 1871

With universal manhood suffrage

The Revolution of 1848

German chancellor Otto von Bismarck, under the reign of William I led the unification in and authoritarion manner. image

He declared war on Denmark in 1864to gain control of the dutchies of Schleswig and Holstein

IN 1866 Autria was defeated in the Battle of Sandowa

In the mid XIX. century, Italians felt part of a cultural and historical unit.

But were divided in different territories

Austria, included Mlina and Venice

Nales and Sicily

Piedmont-Sardinia

Dutchies of Tuscany, Parma and Modena

Cavour, prime minister of Piedmont, allied with the French

Defeated the Austrians at the battles of Magenta and Solferino in 1859

Naples and Sicily were occupied by nationalist revolutionary Garobaldi and also annexed to Piedmont

The Pope had to renounce to the Papal States and was confined to Vatican City image

The pontiff didn't recognise the annexation and a long diplomatic conflict began

It wasnpt resolved until 1929, with the Lateran Treaty

The end result was a unified Italy

Moderate political regime and a parliamentary monarchy

Censitary suffrage

The capital was Rome and Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy, king of Piedmont was crowned king

NICO URRUTIA