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Unit 03, image, image, most of Britain succes was due to reforming its…
Unit 03
05 Nationalism
Nation and nationalism
Used to describe human communities with shared cultural traits
Nationalism was political interpretation of this identity and these aspirations
Napoleon and the Congress of Vienna
Organised the map of Europe
based on their interests, which helped generate nationalist aspirations
Liberal economy
influenced nationalism
boosted economic growth and industrialisation
Liberalism
important when establishing legitimacy power in nation sovereignity
since great monarchies were absolutist regimes many people felt liberal
This was seen in the revolutioanry wave of the 19th century
The independence of Latin America
Napoleonic invasion had influence in Latin America
Juntas locales were formed
Criollos wanted this juntas to be opened and not only for the colonial authorities
These marked the start of the independence for Latin America
There were other reason such as:
independence of United states
Marginalation of Criollos
influence of liberalism
Great Britain interferences
urban developments
Independence and formation of the south American states
Independence process was violent
Fernando VII refused to make changes in colonies
Major revolt broke out in Mexico
There were rebellions led by Bolivar and San Martín in new Granada
They declared themselves independents
The unification of Germany
After Napoleonic wars German confederation replaced the holly alliance
Prussia maintained an authoritarian and disciplined political and military organisation
South part was from Austrian Empire
Diet chaired by the Austrian Empire
opposed to liberal and nationalist movements
Zollverein or Custom union were created
This commercial union promoted economic development and encouraged the middle class to fight for unification
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The Unification of Italy
Italy was divided into many territories with different political system
Rest of the north occupied by Austria
Naples and Sicily in the south
Cavour allied with French and defeated Austrians
Duchies of central area and north of Italy were added Piedmont
End resulted in a unified Italy
North west ruled by Piedmont-Sardinia
Duchies of Tuscany, Parma and Modena located in central area
06 Spain, between absolutism and liberalism
The reign of Fernando VII and return to absolutism
Restoration of absolutism
Uprising military leaded by Riego
Restored 1812 constitution
DÉCADA OMINOSA
Fernando VII restored absolutism
Fernando wanted that he's daughter succed him
Just before Fernando died he put the pragmatic sanction so his daughter could reign
The reign of Isabell II: Moderate liberalism
Isabel was a minor so she had 2 regents
General Espartero
Her mother
.
Two party systems
Constitution
Establishment of a constitutional monarchy
Centralism
Military over the Carlists
Desamortizacion
Alternation in power and military rebellions
Isabel II's regime based on the queen's great power
To put pressure on the queen some coup d'etat take part
After regency period Isabel II went through different stages
Bienio Progresista
Moderatism
Década Moderada
Sexenio Democratico: Democratic Liberalism
Political conflicts
The Democratic monarchy under Amadeo I
democratic monarchy
Parliament didn't want a Bourbon monarch
They selected Amadeo of Savoy as the new king
The first
There were four presidents
Salmeron
Castelar
Pi i Margall
However none of them managed to resolve the political disagreement
Figueras
The Revolution of 1868
Based on the agreement made in Ostend
La gloriosa revolution was formed
Isabel went into exile
04 Liberal revolutions
period of Congress in Vienna
3 waves of antiabsolutist revolutionary movements
some had a strong nationalist component
Revolutionary wave of 1830
Charlexs X wanted to reign in absolutism
Franch bourgeoisie had more liberal ideas
Intellectual students start what was called July revolution
King abdicated so a parlamentiary monarchy was established
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Revolutionary wave of 1848
Louis Pillippe reign was becoming more conservative
Causing discontent among radical liberals
An economic crisis began in1845
This led to a revolution in wich second frecnh republic was established
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Revolutionary wave of 1820
Parts of Spain, Portugal, Naples and Piedmont
revolution inspired by the Spanish constitution written in Cádiz in 1812
Holly Alliance took part and they take back the absolutism
Holly Alliance declined due to the criticism of British
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The consolidation of liberal games
votes of the citizens extended
One of the demand of workers and radical liberals
They called them selves democrats
They defend universal manhood suffrage
Political regime increased
Still workers that couldnt' vote
some persecutions and hostility
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Due to this pressures some changed happened
They organised as political parties to promote their ideas
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most of Britain succes was due to reforming its laws
