LIBERAL REVOLUTIONS
THE RESTORATION IS OVERTURNED
After the Congress of Vienna
3 waves
antiabsolutist revolutionary movements
strong nationalist component
liberal revolutions
same as in 18th-century
transition
from estate system
to class society
expansion
industrial revolution
THE REVOLUTIONARY WAVE OF 1820
revolutions
by Spanish Constitution (Cadiz, 1812)
Holy Alliance
military interventions
ablosutism was reinstated
Holy Alliance declined
division of membres
Great Britain’s criticism
absolutist troops
not penetrate Portugal
Portuguese revolutionaries
constitutional regime
1822
revolutionary outbreaks in France and Russia
1830
Ottoman Empire
Greece’s independence
absolutist power
THE REVOLUTIONARY WAVE OF 1830
Charles X
king of France
French bourgeoisie
liberal ideas
July Revolution in Paris
against the absolutist of Charles X
economic crisis
king abdicated
parliamentary monarchy
Louis Philippe of Orleans
recognised national sovereignty
abolished censorship
extended right to vote
Kingdom of the Netherlands
Belgians proclaimed independence
parliamentary monarchy
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THE REVOLUTIONARY WAVE OF 1848
Louis Philippe of Orleans’ reign
conservative
discontent : radical liberals
1845
international economic crisis
Second French Republic
workers
universal manhood suffrage
guarantee employment
bourgeoisie
fear
opposition
Louis Napoleon Bonaparte
president
1851
Second French Empire
The Revolution of 1848
Austria
German Confederation
Italy
Russia
Nationalist, democratic, social demands
political breakthroughs
THE CONSOLIDATION OF LIBERAL REGIMES
democrats
defended universal manhood suffrage
‘one man, one vote’
parliamentarians
represented concerns
middle classes
upper burgueoisie
representativeness of liberal political regimes increased
outside of workers who didn't vote
sympathised revolutionary ideologies
achieve political recognition
improve working / living conditions
FRANCE
GREAT BRITAIN
PRUSSIA AND AUSTRIA
THE UNITED STATES
ELLIS ISLAND
Second French Empire
universal manhood suffrage
Napoleon III
plebiscites or referendums
always favourable to him
(1837–1901)
Queen Victoria
parliamentarism stable
political parties
Conservative Party
Liberal Party
reforming its laws
increase representation
1848
censitary suffrage
constitutional texts
Prussia
Austria
1867
Austro-Hungarian Empire
Extended universal manhood suffrage
west territorial expansion
submission of the indigenous population
any resistance repression
American Civil War
(1861–1865)
northern states wanted tabolish slavery
North won the war
slaves were freed
1870
racial segregation
women’s suffrage
19th century
Europeans emigrated to young countries
United States, Argentina, Australia, New Zealand and Canada
port of New York
European migrants
arriving in the United States
Today
museum
