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LIBERALS REVOLUTIONS, napoleon 3, parliament british, austro´hungarian,…
LIBERALS REVOLUTIONS
THE CONSOLIDATION OF LIBERAL REGIMES
FRANCE
Second French Empire
universal manhood suffrage
not put into practice
maintained
no real separation of powers
all the power
Napoleon III
Instead of elections
plebiscites or referendums
justify his position
always favourable
because of the way the questions were asked
GREAT BRITAIN
Queen Victoria (1837–1901)
parliamentarism
very stable
two parties
Conservative Party (Tories)
Liberal Party (Whigs)
success of British politics
reforming laws
increase representation
universal manhood suffrage was not achieved
PRUSSIA AND AUSTRIA
led by the 1848's revolution
censitary suffrage
constitutional texts
freedoms were limited
by the sovereign
Austro-Hungarian Empire
Hungarian nationalists in Austria
dual monarchy 1867
two
capitals
governments
parliaments
a single sovereign
THE UNITED STATES
ELLIS ISLAND
19th century
45million Europeans migrated
young countries
colonials dominions
port of New York
European migrants
arriving to the United States
universal manhood suffrage
or white men
great territorial expansion
to the west
occupied by white settlers
submission of the indigenous population
violent repressions
confined to reservations
Slavery
in the southern states
slaves fled north
abolished in the north
American Civil War or War Between the States (1861–1865)
south
tried to form and independent state
Confederate states
north
wanted to abolish slavery
throughout the Union
The north won
President Abraham Lincoln
liberal and industrialised
the slaves were freed
Politic
right to vote
1870
for the former black slaves
major political parties
the republicans
the democrats
in the Confederate states
took the vote from
black citizens
poor white citizens
racial segregation
frequent violence against black people
Wyoming
ecognise women’s suffrage (1869)
mass immigration from Europe
causes
Political stability
industrialisation
American economic prosperity
cities
poor living conditions
problems
health
public order
new neighbourhoods
different origins
democrats
workers
radical liberals
in the midi 19th century
revolutionary waves
labour movement
pressure to
extend citizens’ right to vote
defended
universal manhood suffrage
parliamentary representation
expanded in regimes with census suffrage
changes in the electoral system
causes
political pressure
transformation of industrialised societies
parliamentarians or deputies
represented
upper bourgeoisie
middle classes
political parties
ideas and interests
Liberal political regimes increased
workers
couldn't vote
hostility and persecutions
trade unions
parties
First International
revolutionary ideologies
achieve political recognition
improve their conditions
work
live
THE RESTORATION IS OVERTURNED
THE REVOLTUTIONARY WAVE OF 1820
revolts inspired by the Spanish constitution
parts of Spain
Portugal
Naples
Piedmont
military interventions of the Holy Alliance
Spain
Naples
Piedmont
declined
division among it's members
Great Britain's critics
revolutionaries in Portugal
not attacked by the absolutists troops
thanks to the British opposition
Constitutional regime
revolts in 1822
easily stopped
France
Russia
Greece's independence
from the ottoman empire
supported by European liberals
a war in 1827
Great Britain
Russia
France
won in 1830
THE REVOLUTIONARY WAVE OF 1830
Charles X
succeeded Louis XVIII
absolutists reign
French bourgeoisie
liberal ideas
July Revolution
Paris 1830
intellectuals, students and workers
The King abdicated
parliamentary monarchy
Louis Philippe of Orleans
recognised national sovereignty
extended the right to vote
abolished censorship
against the absolutism of Charles X
influenced by France
Belgium
proclaimed their independence
parliamentary monarchy
subjected to a constitution
from the Netherlands
Poland
part of the Russian empire
nationalistic uprising
crushed by the tsar’s army
THE REVOLUTIONARY WAVE OF 1848
France's revolution
causes
more conservative reign
discontent among the liberals
international economic crisis 1845
the workers suffered the most
Second French Republic
workers play an important part
universal manhood suffrage
measures to guarantee employment
Second French Empire in 1851
the bourgeoisie had fear
from the workers role
social advances
a worker's uprising
repressed by the army
president
Louis Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon’s nephew
crowned Napoleon III
revolution of 1848
spread to
Austria
the German Confederation
Italy
Russia
demands
nationalists
democracy
social
political breakthroughs
except from Russia
after the congress of Vinenna
in Europe
antiabsolutist revolutionary movements
liberal revolutions
expansion of the industrial revolution
