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APPROACHES IN PSYCHOLOGY SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY - Coggle Diagram
APPROACHES IN PSYCHOLOGY
SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
ACRONYM
M
ediational processes
I
dentification
V
icarious reinforcement
C
ognitive
O
bservation
M
odels
B
andura/Bobo doll
S
elf efficacy
A
ttention
R
etention
R
eproduction
M
otivation
A01
Learning is related to consequences of behaviour - Vicarious reinforcement. Children observe other people's behaviour and take note of its consequences
Learning occurs indirectly
- Bandura agreed with the behaviourist approach that learning occurs through experience. however, he also proposed that learning takes place in a social context t
hrough observation + imitation of others' behaviour
Mediational (cognitive) processes play a crucial role in learning
4 MEDIATIONAL PROCESSES:
ARRM
Attention
- whether behaviour is noticed
Retention
- whether behaviour is remembered
Reproduction
- being able to do the behaviour
Motivation
- the will to perform the behaviour through rewards
Imitation of aggression - Bandura's research- two groups
Bandura's research 1
- children watched an adult either behaving aggressively towards a bobo doll or behaving non aggressively towards a bobo doll
When given their own doll to play with, the children who had seen aggression were much more aggressive towards the doll
Bandura's research 2
- children saw an adult who was either
Rewarded, Punished, Neither rewarded nor punished.
When given their own doll to play with, the children who saw aggression rewarded were much more aggressive themselves.
Children model aggressive behaviour - The Bobo doll studies suggest that children are likely to imitate (model) acts of violence if they observe these in an adult role model
It is also the case that modelling aggressive behavior is more likely if such behavior is seen to be rewarded (vicarious reinforcement)
A03
SLT RELIES TOO HEAVILY ON EVIDENCE FROM LAB STUDIES
Many of Bandura’s ideas were developed through observation of children ‘s behaviour in lab settings + this raises the problem of demand characteristics
The main purpose of a Bono doll is to hit it. So the children in those studies may have been behaving as they thought was expected
Thus the research may tell us little about how children actually learn aggression in everyday life
SLT UNDERESTIMATES THE INFLUENCE OF BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
A consistent finding in the Bobo doll experiments was that more boys showed more aggression than girls, regardless of the specifics of the experimental condition
This may be explained by the differences in testosterone levels, which is present in greater quantities in boys and is linked to aggression
This means that Bandura may have underplayed the important influence of biological factors on social learning
SLT EMPHASISES THE IMPORTANXE OF COGNITIVE FACTORS IN LEARNING
Neither classical conditioning nor operant conditioning can offer a comprehensive account of a human learning on their own because cognitive factors are omitted
Humans + animals store information about the behaviour of others and use this to make judgements about when it is appropriate to perform certain actions
SLT provides a more complete explanation of human learning than the behaviourist approach by recognising the role of mediational processes
SLT CAN ACCOUNT FOR CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN BEHAVIOUR
This has proved useful in understanding a range of behaviours such as how children come to understand their gender role by imitating role models
in contrast, the biological approach can only explain universal behaviours because human biological processes do not change with culture
Social learning principles can account for how children learn from other people around them, as well as through the media, and this can explain how cultural norms are transmitted