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PSYCHOPATHOLOGY -PHOBIAS, DEPRESSION + OCD CHARACTERISTICS - Coggle Diagram
PSYCHOPATHOLOGY -PHOBIAS, DEPRESSION + OCD CHARACTERISTICS
PHOBIAS
BEHAVIOURAL CHARACTERISTICS
PANIC
- This may involve a range of behaviours such as crying, screaming or running away from the phobic stimulus
AVOIDANCE
- Considerable effort to avoid coming into contact with the phobic stimulus. This can make it hard to go about everyday life, especially if the phobic stimulus if often seen, e.g. public places
EMOTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
ANXIETY + FEAR
- Fear is the immediate experience when a phobic encounters or thinks about the phobic stimulus. Fear leads to anxiety
RESPONSES ARE UNREASONABLE
- Response is widely disproportionate to the threat posed, e.g., an arachnophobic will have a strong emotional response to a tiny spider
COGNITIVE CHARACTERSITICS
SELECTIVE ATTENTION TO THE PHOBIC STIMULUS
- The phobic finds it hard to look away from the phobic stimulus, e.g., a pogonophobic (fear of beards) cannot concentrate on a task if there is a bearded man in the room
IRRATIONAL BELIEFS
- For example, social phobias may involve beliefs such as 'if I blush people will think i'm weak' or 'I must always sound intelligent'
DEPRESSION
BEHAVIOURAL CHARACTERISTICS
DISRUPTION TO SLEEP + EATING BEHAVIOUR
- Sufferers may experience reduced sleep (insomnia) or an increased need for sleep (hypersomnia). Apetite may increase or decrease, leading to weight gain or loss
ACTIVITY LEVELS
- Suffered od depression have reduced levels of energy making them lethargic. In extreme cases, this can be so severe that the sufferer cannot get out of bed
EMOTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
LOWERED MOOD
- More pronounced than the daily experience of feeling lethargic or sad. Sufferers often describe themselves as 'worthless' or 'empty'
ANGER
- On occasion, such emotions lead to self harming behaviour or aggression
COGNITIVE CHARACTERISTICS
POOR CONCERNTRATION
- Sufferers may find themselves unable to stick with a task as they usually would, or they might find simple decision making difficult
OCD
EMOTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
GUILT + DISGUST
-Irrational guilt, for example over a minor moral issue, or disgust which is directed towards oneself or something external like dirt
ANXIETY + DISTRESS
- Obsessive thoughts are unpleasant and frightening, and the anxiety that goes with these can be overwhelming
COGNITIVE CHARACTERISTICS
OBSESSIVE THOUGHTS
- About 90% of OCD sufferers have obsessive thoughts e.g. recurring intrusive thoughts about being contaminated by dirt or germs
INSIGHT INTO EXCESSIVE ANXIETY
- Awareness that thoughts and behaviour are irrational. In spite of this, sufferers experience catastrophic thoughts and are hyper-vigilant, i.e. 'over-aware' of their obsession
BEHAVIOURAL CHARACTERISTICS
AVOIDANCE
- The OCD is managed by avoiding situations that trigger anxiety, e.g. sufferers who wash repeatedly may avoid coming into contact with germs
COMPULSIONS
- Actions that are carried our repeatedly e.g. hand washing. The same behaviour is repeated in a ritualistic way to reduce the anxiety