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Nucleic Acids IB Bio (Unit 7) - Coggle Diagram
Nucleic Acids IB Bio (Unit 7)
Sugar Nucleotides
The "steps" of the Helix laders hold w H bonds
NItrogen Bases
RNA
Sugar Ribose
Remplaces T from original DNA with U (Uracil)
Single Stranded
In the nucleus, ribosomes, and cytoplasm
Carris out instructions
DNA
Double-stranded helix
A-T, C-G base pairs
In the nucleos and mitochondria
Comtains genetic blueprint and instructions
DNA Replication
Enzyme helicase breaks H bonds separating the strands
single strand = replication fork
opp. ends of DNA are called 5' & 3' ends
antiparallel
DNA
Sequencing
Lab technique to determine the linear sequence of nucleotides of DNA fragments
PCR (polymerase chain reaction) isolates the needed DNA template & altercates and dyes some nucleotides containing the 4 bases.
In synthesis, the polymerase adds a nucleotide. If altered, STOP🛑
Electrophoresisseparates DNA according to the template length
DNA reads through the shortest tags of fragments
primase
Altered have dideoxyribose sugar Altered have dideoxyribose sugar <O
PCR copies selected parts of DNA
it can be performed on DNA of a single cell
hot🔥& cold❄️reaction cycled reaction w heat-tolerant polymerase
DNA w polymerase, primers & free (🚫💵) nucleotides
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Eukaryotic DNA
Hisotones
Protein +charged DNA-binding
Nucleosomes
8 histones around which 146 base pairs are wrapped
Chromatin:
compacted nucleosomes
Compacted they make up:
Chromosomes
"beads on a string" structure
Eukaryotic organisms have a nucleus W multiple chromosomes made of DNA
Telomeres
repetitive sequences of DNA that mantain the ends of the linear chromsomes to prevent deterioration
Sugar Deoxyribose
Prokaryotic DNA
since no nucleons, DNA in central loop contained cytoplasm
other possible small DNA loops =
Plasmids
most no hisotones
(archea = exception)
Thymine
Cytosine
Chargaff's Rule: 1:1 ratio of purine to pyrimidine
= amount of A & T / C &G
Guanine
Adenine
Phosphate Molecules
