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Block 1- Cultural Heritage and Tourism Mediation - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Formal Education
      - Non-formal education
      - Informal Education
  - - - Interpretation also tries ro actively involve audiences by relating the content to their personal knowledge, interests, feelings and values and by encouraging discovery, engaging senses and reflection.
    - - Heritage interpretation establishes cognitive and emotional links between visitors and what they can discover at a nature reserve, a historic site or museum.
    - - Heritage interpretation reveals deeper meanings, relationships and insights by first-hand experience and by illustrative media, rather than by simple communication of factual information.
    - - Intepretion is a process aimed at provoking audiences to do their iwn thinking and thereby develop their own subjective understanding of the world is the method.
- - - - Interpretation is "an educational activity which aims to reveal meaning and relationships through the use of original objects, by firsthand experience, and by illustrative media, rather than simply to communicate factual information". (Tilden, 1957, p.8)
      - -
        
        Set of methods, tools and techniques.
        
        Creative process of strategic communication.
        
        Revelation of hidden meanings.
        
        Stirs visitor's intellectual and emotional bonds.
        
        Multidisciplinar and transversal.
      - To reveal the meanings...
        
        Human beings are curious by nature. This is something that must be taken advantage of when it comes to search for the meaning of things.
    - - Educational activity which aims at revealing meaning and relationships of concepts, people, objects and sites through th use of various resources or interpretation tools, such as words, objects, iconography, firsthand experiences, visual and audiovisual means, new technology, etc. Coma, L. (2013)
    - - They hold ncripted meanings to a lesser or to a greater extent!
    - - 2. Symbolic meaning: What value does it have for me and other people?
      - 3. Contextual meaning: Time and place. Where is it located? Is it standing in its oriinal environment?
      - 1. Functional meaning: What for? How?
      - A clear example: Tesi Doctoral Dra. Carolina Martín Piñol
    - - Freeman Tilden was the first person to formalize and record the prevailing thinking on the principles of effective interpretation. He did so in his book Interpreting Our Heritage, first published in 1957.
        
        III. Interpretation is an art, which combines many arts, whether the materials presented are scientific, historical or architectural. Any arts is in some degree teachable.
        
        IV. The chief aim of interpretation is not instruction, but provocation.
        
        II. Information, as such, is not interpretation. Interpretation is revelation based upon information. But they are entirely different things. However, all interpretation includesinformation.
        
        V. Interpretation should aim to present a whole rather than a part, and must address itself to the whole man rather than anyphase.
        
        I. Any interpretation that does not somehow relate what is being displayed or described to something within the personality or experience of the visitor will be sterile.
        
        VI. Interpretation addressed to children (say, up to the age f twelve) should not be a dilution of the presentation to adults, but should follow a fundamentally different approach. To be at its best it will requiere a separate progam.
        
        -
        
        Effective interpretation is a creative strategic communication process which forges emotional and intellectual connections between the visitor and the resource under interpretation, making him generate his own meanings about that resource for his appreciation and enjoyment. (Sam Ham and Jorge Morales, 2008)
        
        Interpretation as ART
        
        A= Knowledge of Audience
        
        R= knowledge of Resource
        
        T= appropiate Techniques
    - - 2. Know your audience
      - 3. Explore and select the interpretative media (message, audiencea and resources)
      - 1. TORE model
      - REMEMBER!
        
        Interpretation =/ loading visitors with data
  - - - 4. Interpretation model based on "The teacher says".
      - 5. Instruction VS provokation.
      - 3. What makes interpretation successful?
      - 6. Interpreters make the differene: visitors créate their own meanings.
      - 2. Know your audience.
      - 7. Meaning making is the "end of the game".
      - 1. TORE model.
    - - Relevant.
      - Enjoyable.
      - Organized.
      - Main methodological foundation for heritage interpretation.
      - Thematic.
- - - - Material
        
        Movable
        
        Books
        
        Photographs
        
        Sculptures
        
        Films
        
        Paintings
        
        Cult objects
        
        Immovable
        
        Archaeological sites
        
        Architectural ensembles
        
        Monuments
        
        Cultural landscapes
        
        ...
      - Immaterial
        
        Legends
        
        Religion
        
        Music
        
        Tradition
        
        Literature
        
        Festivals
        
        Languages
        
        ...
        
        Gastronomy
    - - Biological or geological formations
      - National Parks
      - Natural reserves
      - Natural monuments
      - ...
  - - - Transmission by an intermediate mechanism.
      - Indirect conveyance or communication through an intermediary.
      - Intervention in a process or relationship; intercession.
      - -
        
        Visitor
        
        Mediation Tools
        
        Cultural / Natural Heritage
      - Is a process which facilitates communication and understanding between individuals or groups and heritage elements.
      - Statement for Discussion
        
        Interpreters should tell a story, not an inventory; people are with us mainly seeking enjoyment, not instruction.
    - - Didactics
        
        Science, art or technique that makes able to teach about everything to everyone in a quick, effective and in a playfull manner.
      - Mediator = good teacher = master
      - Mediation
        
        Communicate and make the various meanings of heritage accessible to all kind of audiences by doing it attractively engaging and enjoyable.
      - John Amos Comenius (1592-1670) // Father of Pedagogy and Didactics // Work: "Didactica Magna". 1633-38
      - We talk about didactics, but we talk also about...
        
        Facilitating tools for interpretation
        
        Enabling acquisition of knowledge
        
        Opening doors
        
        Facilitating access
    - - It facilitates understanding and enhances the meaning of specific heritage elements.
      - It helps visitors navigate and identify the meaning of heritage resources in the area.
      - It establishes connections between the visitor and the heritage element through interpretation.
      - It connects visitors with destinations / cultural products.
    - - Types of Interpretation
        
        Personal
        
        Guides (guided tours, motorized and non-motorized tours).
        
        Actions and events (theatrical, demonstrations, workshops, living history, re-enactment, role playing, gymkana, storytelling, etc).
        
        Non-personal
        
        Museography (exhibition, multimedia and audiovisual resources, scenographic, modules, audio guides, etc).
        
        Digital tools (webs, touch panels and walls, smartphones y tablets, wearables, etc).
        
        Publications (brochures, guides, books and maps)
      - Giving tools for interpretation
        
        Digital Tools
        
        Museographic elements
        
        Human Mediation
    - - Cultural mediation helps visitors to create their own unique choice of ways to experience and learn about a site and its story.
      - Cultural mediation brings in more visitors, more repeat visitors and more income.
      - It is the mediation (guided tours, exhibits, educational programs, living history, etc) that visitors come to the heritage site for - the story and site experience. Without mediation a museum object, a historic monument or a heritage site is, in the eyes of the visitor, just another OLD element.
      - Mediation gets visitors to CARE about heritage (theirs or other cultures). Heritage tourism is dependent upon the story of the site and the willingness of visitors to want to travel to see, learn about and experience the site.
    - - Mediator's mandate is to establish connections and relationships between a cultural field and publics. His or her action is based on knowledge of the publics, the content, and the environment, and on the ability to lead activities and to design, organize, and lead projects (Fourcade, 2014).
      - Tourism and museum guides, exhibit designers, docents, and naturalists that provide orientation, information and inspiration in the right amounts and at the right times so that visitors will have more enjoyable, meaningful and complete experiences.
- - - - In·form
        
        V. to give knowledge of a fact to (someone); tell
      - Inform
        
        To impart information or knowledge Collins Dictionary
    - - 1. To explain or tell the meaning of: present in understandable terms: interpret dreams, needed help interpreting the results.
      - 2. To act as an interpeter between speakers of different languages.
      - 3. V. To give or provide the meaning of; explain.
      - 4. To undrstand (something said, ordered, or donde) in a particular way.
      - 5. To translate what is said in a foreign language.
      - 6. To bring out the meaning of (a dramatic work, a piece of music, etc), as by performance or explanation.
    - - Des·cribe
        
        Verb (transitive) 1. To give an account or representation of in words (Collins Dicitonary)
      - Scrib·ing
        
        To tell or depict in writeen or spoken words; give an account of: He described the accident very carefully
    - - ¡Key Concept! INTERPRET
        
        INTERPRET= to find and attribute the meanings, the hidden secrets and the sense of the heritage element and to understand its larger significance so that these can be transmitted.
        
        Describe Inform--> INTERPRET
        
        To interpret doesn't mean to describe!
        
        Interpret= find meanings!
        
        If you want to interpret, you must be informed!
        
        Some definitions of Interpretation
        
        "Interpretation is a communication process, designed to reveal meanings and relationships of our cultural and natural heritage, through involvement whit objects, artefacts, landscapes and sites" (Interpretation Canada).
        
        "Interpretation is primarily a communication process that helps people make sense of, and understand more about, your site, collection or event. It can:
        
        Enhance the visitor experience, resulting in longer stays and repeat visits. This will lead to increased income and create employment opportunities.
        
        Enable communities to better understan their heritage, and to express their own ideas and feelings about their home area. As a result individuals may identify with lost values inherent in their culture".
        
        Bring meaning to your cultural or environmental resource, enhancing visitor appreciation and promoting better understanding. As a result your visitors are more likely to care for what they identify as a precious resource.
        
        Source: Association for Heritage Interpretation (AHI)
        
        "Heritage interpretation refers to all the ways in which information is communicatd to visitors to an educational, natural or recreational site, such as a museum, park or science centre. More specifically it it the communication of information about, or the explanation of, thee nature, origin, and purpose of historical, natural, or cultural resources, objects, sits and phenomena using personal or non-personal methods. Some international authorities in museology prefer the term mediation for the same concept, following usage in other European languages (Wikipedia)
        
        "Does" of Interpretation
        
        "Good intrpretation is always based on first-hand experince and oftn on personal contact with staff on site. Interpretation does four things:
        
        It relates the site or objects to visitors' own knowledge, experience, background and values,
        
        It reveals the significance of the site or objects which visitors can understand and appreciate, and
        
        it provokes visitors' curiosity and interest in what may be an unfamiliar topic or theme.
        
        It helps people to enjoy a satisfying experience.
        
        The origins of interpretation
        
        Cultural tourism
        
        Heritage interpretation
        
        Musography
        
        Antecdents of Museums
        
        Collections of curiosities
        
        Naturalia
        
        Exotica
        
        Artificialia
        
        Scientifica
        
        Siglos
        
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