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CHAPTER 8: POLICY EVALUATION - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 8: POLICY EVALUATION
DEFINITION OF POLICY EVALUATION
Involves the estimation, appraisal, or assessment of a policy, its consent, implementation, goal attainment, and other effects. (Anderson, 2011)
PURPOSE OF POLICY EVALUATION
To access policy consequences
whether a policy has other effects/not intended and unintended
who gets benefits/bear cost directly and indirectly
To suggest policy change
to find out whether the policy is necessary valid, and efficient. hence to improve the planning and implementation of policy process
To achieve policy achievement
To check the policy effects in general or the respective ministries/departments
whether a policy is successful/failed
to what extend a policy is successful/failed
what factors has contributed towards policy success/failure
To suggest policy termination
to suggest stopping implementing policy and to find out whether the policy is still relevant
HOW TO EVALUATE POLICY
Cost-Benefit Analysis
A formal, quantitative evaluation technique
Identify and weigh costs against benefits of policy or program
Systematic analysis
Policy is evaluated through scientific research, by the relevant group/agencies that involve directly and indirectly in the implementation process
Administrative technique
Evaluating the interrelated process, procedures, rules, resources involved in policy implementation. Purpose is to ensure efficiency, transparency, and accountability in implementation
Institutional techniques
Evaluation is done by the various governmental and non-governmental agencies base on their given roles/functions
Purpose is to evaluate the behaviors of the policy implementors, hence, to achieved policy efficiency and effectiveness.
Examples: Parliament, Ministries, and Special Committees.
TYPES OF POLICY EVALUATION
Policy impact
Effect from output & outcome towards society/state
Example: Privatization Policy - TNB
Policy implementation process
Assess client satisfaction and program activities
Seek to identify management problems if any
Policy outcome
Result from policy implementation by the agency
Policy successful/failure factors
Assessing impact on the original problems addressed by the program/policy
Policy evaluation may also seek to identify critical factors of success or failure so remedial actions can be made
Policy output
Agencies establish to implement new policy
PROBLEMS/CONSTRAINTS OF POLICY EVALUATION
Objectives
Political problems
Methodological problems
Cost
Data problems
Side effects
Distribution of impact
Defining criteria for success
How much is enough