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New France - Coggle Diagram
New France
The Sovereign Council
Intendant: 1. A intendent was the Chief administrator. 2. The would keep the colonies in order and wanted to make them less depended on France. 3. He wanted to find new ways to exploit the colony for France.
Governor: 1. A governor would represent the king, and he would control the military. 2. He dealt with external relations such as fur trades.
Bishop Of Quebec: 1. The Bishop represented the Catholic Church. 2.The provided moral and spiritual guidance, they founded orphanages, schools and hospitals. 3. Catholic people always had to consult with the Bishop before making important decisions, their reputation depended on it.
Soldiers
- The king wanted the men to settle in New France, so he offered seigneuries to officers, who then encouraged the soldiers to stay on their land.
- Many men chose the Military career because they needed some way to make a living.
- Under Frontenac, soldiers came to New France to defend against the British and the Haudenosaunee.
Fur Traders
Merchants
- Most of the merchants made their living in the fur trade. They got goods from France and traded them with the Innu, Ouendat, and the Anishinabe for furs.
- They bought furs from the Courier De Bois and other colonies to trade furs for income. Then they would ship the furs to New France where they sold them for a living.
- Merchnats are people you would see in the shops such as Black Smiths, Shoemakers, bakers and butchers.
Voyageurs
- The word Voyageur means Traveler
- Voyageurs were men from New France who travelled between fur merchants of Montreal and the Fur Trade posts by the Great Lake.
Courier De Bois:
- The name Courier De Bois mean "Runner of The Woods"
- The term comes from when some men from New France would run into the forest and look for a trade with the First Nations.
- The Courier De Bois were independent men. The New France government encouraged independent trading at the start, soon they made independent trading illegal. But that didn't affect the Couriers because they secretly traded furs with anybody they could, even the British.
The Catholic Church
- The Jesuits formed the key part of the Catholic churches in New France. The Jesuits became a thing in the 1600's. The made a mission to transform the Mi'kmaq, Kichesiprini, Haudenosaunee, and the Ouendaut into a Catholic religion
- The churches established Schools, Orphanages and Hospitals in New France. They played a important role in governing the colonies. The Clergy was a small group of people who could read and write. People would consult the clergy before making important decisions.
- In Europe the divisions of Protestants and Catholics became very deep. The two faiths discriminated each other.
Farmers
Seigneurs
- You could receive the land as grants of the king.
- To keep their land grant, seigneurs had to recruit habitants to farm it.
- Seigneurs were large plots of land owned by land lords
Habitants
- In exchange for establishing a farm, habitants had to plant crops, built a house, and clear the land. They had to pay the seigneurs miller to grind their grain and give a few days of labor each year.
- Habitants are people who inhabit land. They were also known as paysans. (peasants). Some Habitants neglected their farms because it was easier for them to make a living in the fur trade industry.
- Paysans never owned anything, the seigneurs owned them. But New France was flexible with rearrangements, if a habitant wanted to sell a clear piece of land, there was not much harm in doing that.