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ENCULTURATION STUDIES - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Individuals adopt four different acculturation strategies: assimilation, integration, separation, and marginalization.
      - When an individual abandons their own culture and embraces the cultural behaviors and ideals of their new culture, this is referred to as assimilation.
      - Integration occurs when there is a desire to embrace the behaviors and values of the new culture while retaining the previous culture.
      - Separation occurs when migrants preserve their own culture while minimizing interaction with the new society.
      - Finally, marginalization occurs when it is not feasible to preserve one's native culture but is not able to adapt into the new culture due to exclusion or discrimination.
    - - The researchers wanted to know which characteristics in the lives of Latino immigrants to the United States might reduce their acculturative stress.
      - A random sample of 197 members of two social service organizations completed a questionnaire and a battery of standardized tests to measure family cohesiveness, acculturation degree, acculturative stress, and stress coping techniques.
      - According to the study, immigrants with efficient coping methods, decent English language, and a stable family structure were less likely to experience acculturative stress. Furthermore, immigrants who had been in the US for a longer period of time were less likely to exhibit this stress and demonstrated a higher level of acculturation.
      - are the results of this study only particular to Latino cultures?
        
        LUECK AND WILSON (2010) says its not
        
        The purpose of this study was to look at the factors that could predict acculturative stress in a nationally representative sample of Asian immigrants and Asian Americans.
        
        The study included 2095 Asian Americans. 1271 of the participants were first-generation immigrants who were 18 or older when they arrived in the United States. The remainder of the sample was born in the United States to first-generation immigrants.
        
        The sample included people from several Asian cultures, including Chinese, Filipino, and Vietnamese.
        
        Semi-structured interviews were conducted by the researchers. The interviewers shared the same cultural and linguistic backgrounds as the sample group. The interviews were done either online or in person.
        
        A random sample of participants was contacted to confirm the information gleaned from their interviews.
        
        The interviews assessed the subjects' acculturative stress. They also looked at how language competency, linguistic choice, discrimination, social networks, family cohesiveness, and socioeconomic position influenced acculturative stress.
        
        According to their acculturative stress score, 1433 of the 2095 interviewees had acculturative stress, accounting for 70% of the sample.
        
        CONCLUSIONS:
        
        bilingual preference contributed to lower acculturative stress
        
        preference for speaking english only is a predictor of high acculturative stress
        
        negative treatment (prejudice, threats, harassment) - higher acculturative stress
        
        sharing similar values and beliefs as a family contributed to lowering acculturative stress
        
        acculturative stress was lower among people who were satisfied with their opportunities and among who would still move to the US
- - - - Hispanics born in the United States, or who have spent significant time in the United States, were found to be more likely to be diagnosed with mental problems than Hispanics born elsewhere or who came more recently.
    - - It has been discovered that Hispanic teenagers who speak mostly Spanish are less prone to use drugs and alcohol.
    - - A study of 119 Cuban-American university students in Miami was conducted. Every student has at least one parent who was born in Cuba. Females made up 80% of the sample. 23% of the pupils were born outside of the United States.
      - Participants were chosen from an introductory psychology course and were invited to complete an online survey. The questions were all given on a Likert scale.
      - The researchers aimed to look at the connection between three aspects of acculturation and favorable psychological functioning. Relationship with Cuban culture, relationship with US culture, and ethnic identification were the aspects.
      - he key difference is that this study is bidimensional, whereas the studies above
        are unidimensional.
      - The researchers discovered that biculturalism was associated with better results.
- - - - has performed research to see whether there is a link between a refugee's level of acculturation and their mental and physical wellbeing. Data for this correlational study were gathered through questionnaires as well as medical tests of refugees.
      - The sample consisted of 440 North Korean refugees aged 30 and higher.
      - Two questionnaires were delivered to the refugees. The first inquiry focused on their level of acculturation to South Korean society. The second question concerned their mental health, namely their degrees of sadness and anxiety. Resting heart rate and blood pressure were obtained during the medical tests.
      - The findings revealed a favorable relationship between acculturation level and psychological health and a negative relationship with resting heart rate.
      - The researchers also discovered an example of spiraling causation in the link between physical and mental health. Acculturation to Seoul's high-stress lifestyle first harmed physical health.