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Theories of Psychotherapy - Coggle Diagram
Theories of Psychotherapy
Sigmund Freud
Rene Spitz
Libidinal object
Psychological fusion: undifferentiated (id, ego, superego) & non differentiated (mother-chidl symbiosis)
Orphanage vs. prison
Critical development stages: smile (3 months), stranger anxiety (8 months), saying no (15 months)
Development is becoming differentiated from the mother.
Mother's dialogue is important - action, reaction, action cycle
Mother serves as an auxiliary ego.
Anaclytic depression
Edith Jacobson
Impulses are not innate in its final form, they exist as potentials. The capacity the child has and the environmental conditions they grow up in determines the course of development.
”İyi anne iyi ben” - o iyiyse ben de iyiyim, o kötüyse ben de kötüyüm. The child's experiences with the mother determine the perceivement of the child in the future (towards the self and the outside).
!! Libidinal impulses are integrative, aggressive impulses are segregative.
Good mothering is subjetcive, it depends on interacting factors. (affective perception of the mother)
Jacobson also emphasizes the healthy sides of humans.
Biology is not everything.
!! Ego-synthetic function - The impulses that cannot reach the consciousness Farklı affective stateler integrate ediliyor. You need more integration. Defanslara gerek olmada central.
Anna Freud
Identification with aggression - because the father causes aggression, the child reconciles with the father.
Margaret Mahler
Child begins as an autistic creature and walks towards normal in its development.
Rapproachment: The child is at a stage in which that they can get differentiated from the mother, but does not want to leave the comfort. If there is problems in this stage, psychopathology happens.
Preoedipal development is crucial.
Object constancy is achieved as a result - knowing that the mother exists even if she's not there. (If there is no safe mother, if there is no where to anchor, then the child fais to get differentiated.
Primary narcissism - There is always an object but the level of differentiation is different (must be considered for psychotic patients because they might get disintegrated in therapy).
Psychological birth is separate from biological birth.
Melanie Klein
excessive aggression
Mental life (unconscious) - baby's unconscious is filled with fantasies which are the representations of its impulses.
Death instinct, aggressive drive - innate, and threatens the primitive ego - the libidinal forces are not sufficient at the beginning.
The breast becomes an object of projection to alleviate the anxiety of the death instinct.
Psychopathology - if coping systems are employed too much, pathology occurs.
Heinz Hartmann