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Important Events inside United States History Part 2 - Coggle Diagram
Important Events inside United States History Part 2
Great Depression - 1929
Section 2: Hardships during depression
People lost their jobs and homes.
The Great Depression brought homelessness and hunger to millions.
Some built makeshifts shacks out of scrap material.
The Dust Bowl
A severe drought gripped the Great Plains
The resulting dust traveled hundreds of miles.
Dust buried cars, wagon and made a lot of destruction among the country.
Section 3: Hoover struggles with the depression
President Hoover tried to reassure Americans.
Hoover actions:
National Credit Organization to help smaller banks.
Federal Home Loan Bank Act and Reconstruction Finance Corp to protect people's home and businesses.
Federal Farm to help farmers.
Section 1: The Nation Sick Economy
Important industries struggled
Steel
Mining
Textiles
Housing
Agriculture
American consumers were buying less.
Most people did not have the money to buy the flood of goods factories produced.
Stock prices rise.
4 million Americans owned stocks.
The 1929 Crash
The stock market crash and begins the Great Depression.
Americans panicked and withdrew their money from banks.
90,000 businesses went bankrupt.
Vietnam War - 1950
The Problem
Vietnam had been a colony of France but after WWII it became an independent nation.
The nation was split into North Vietnam (Communist) and South Vietnam (Democratic).
North Vietnam decided to invade South Vietnam and unite both nations under one communist government.
The Sputh Vietnamese resisted the invasion of the communist. Sadly, resulted in the beginning of the Vietnam War.
By 1968 there were more than 500,000 American soldiers in Vietnam.
Obstacles
The Americans faced many obstacles during the Vietnam War.
Random surprise attacks.
The North Vietnamese Army used women and children to attack Americans.
Agent Orange: A chemical used to kill plants.
Vietcong, civilians loyal to the NVA also attacked American soldiers.
Mountains and thick jungles.
Americans had better resources available than they had in other war. But the communist still could not be stopped.
Doves vs Hawks
People who opposed the war were called "doves", and who were for the war were called "hawks".
Doves
Protested the war.
Used sit-ins, songs, candle-lit vigils and some other destructive tactics.
Hawks
Supported the war.
They felt strongly about the need to end communism.
Resolution
President Nixon was in a tough spot: End fighting or lose to communism.
Nixon decided to slowly remove troops from Vietnam but also increase bombing.
United States pulled out of Vietnam in 1973.
The South Vietnamese continued to fight, but they lost in 1975.
Cold War - 1945
After WWII
Many Allied leaders met to find a way to prevent future wars.
They formed the United Nations
The USSR gained control of most Eastern Europe
United States was concerned about the spread of communism.
Differences between Communism and Democracy
Communism
The government owns all of the businesses and land.
People have little personal freedom.
Democracy
Individuals can own property.
Personal freedom is valued.
Iron Curtain
Josef Stalin made sure countries under his control were not influenced by democratic nations.
He closed off the USSR from the rest of Europe.
NATO
The US formed an alliance with the democratic nations of Europe. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
If attacked by the USSR, countries in NATO promised to help each other.
President Truman and the rest of the democratic world wanted to strengthen their resistance to the USSR.
Berlin
After Germany lost WWII, it was controlled by the winning Allied Powers.
Berlin was divided into East and West Berlin.
The Americans and British controlled the west side and the USSR controlled the east side of Berlin.
The west was Democratic and the east was Communist.
The world was then divided between the West (Free World) and the Communist World.
Civil Rights - 1954
Leaders of the Movement
Rosa Parks
Began the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
Member of the NAACP.
Called the "First Lady of the Civil Rights Movement".
Malcolm X
Fierce advocate for African Americans.
Member of Nation of Islam.
Disagreed with MLK's non-violent strategy for equality.
Martin Luther King Jr.
Coordinated nonviolent resistance.
Led Montgomery Bus Boycott
Baptist minister from Atlanta.
Robert F. Kennedy
Supports desegregation as NY Senator.
Assassinated in 1968 as he began campaign for presidency.
Helps protect the "Freedom Riders".
1. Topeka 1964
The Supreme Court rules that segregated schools are unfair and that all schools must desegregate
2. Montgomery 1955
Rosa Parks begins the
Montgomery Bus Boycott when she refuses to give up her seat on a city bus.
3. Little Rock 1957
Little Rock Central
High is forced to desegregate for the 1st time.
4. Prince Ed 1964
Rather than desegregate the city schools, many close under massive resistance.
5. Washington 1963
At the March on Washington, MLK gives his "I Have a Dream" speech to 250,000 people
6. Philadelphia 1964
3 civil rights workers killed by the KKK while helping people register to vote
7. Memphis 1968
MLK was assassinated while standing outside his hotel, which set off riots around the country.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Prohibits discrimination based on race, religion, etnicity, or gender.
New President Lyndon Johnson gets it passed.