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35 year old male with cough with phlegm …
35 year old male with cough with phlegm HELVI RAMADHANI 1908260083
mechanism of antibiotic resistance
lots of germs, a few are drug resistant
antibiotics kill bacteria causing the illness, as well as good bacteria protecting the body from infection
the drug resistant bacteria are now allowed to grow and take over
some bacteria give their drug resistance to other bacteria causing more problems
indications for the use of antibiotics
prevent/treat bacterial infections
patients with weakened immune conditions, such as cancer or HIV patients, who are exposed to bacterial infections
Antibiotic resistance education
do not give antibiotics to other people even if they have the same symptoms
follow the rules for how to dosing the amount per day on the label
buy antibiotics must be with a doctor's prescription
If an allergic reaction occurs, contact your doctor immediately
finish the antibiotics according to the doctor's prescription, do not stop using antibiotics yourself
pharmaco treatment for antibiotic resistance testing
standard precaution
implement transmission precautions
decolonization
impact of antibiotic drug resistance
Reedmission due to infection is increasing
increased maintenance costs
length of stay (LOS) increase
morbidity and mortality increase
decreased quality and patient safety
How to make a diagnosis of antibiotic drug resistance
physical examination
demam berulang atau tidak sembuh walaupun sudah minum obat
pemeriksaan penunjang
uji sensitivitas antibiotik
anamnesis
riwayat penggunaan obat antibiotik
apakah obat dikonsumsi teratur dan sesuai dengan resep yang diberkan dokter?
apakah keluhan berkurang setelah mengonsumsi antibiotik
prevention of antibiotic resistance
a) Patients are expected to use antibiotics according to doctor's instructions
b) Patients are expected to finish the antibiotics and not use the rest of the antibiotics in the future.
c) Doctors are expected to provide definitive antibiotic therapy according to microbiological culture.
d) Health care workers are expected to record antibiotic doses, duration of administration and indications for antibiotic administration.
e) The government is expected to monitor the pattern of germ development and the pattern of germ resistance.
Factors affecting adherence to antibiotics
forget
lack
knowledge
busy,
contraindications to the use of antibiotics
pregnant mother
category B
cephalosporin
penisilin
category C
fluorokuinolon
category D
doksisiklin
category A
category X
metronidazol (trimester 1)
neonatus
tiamfenikol : grey baby syndrome
child / baby
ciprofloxacin: children less than 12 years of age cause cartilage dysgenesis
patients with impaired kidney function
aminoglikosida
daptomisin
levofloksasin
reference
Lia Yunita S, Novia Atmadani R, Titani M. Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pengetahuan Dan Perilaku Penggunaan Antibiotika Pada Mahasiswa Farmasi UMM. Pharm J Indones. 2021;6(2):119-123. doi:10.21776/ub.pji.2021.006.02.7
Zulfa IM, Handayani W. Peningkatan kepatuhan penggunaan antibiotik oral melalui kalenderisasi kemasan obat. Maj Farm dan Farmakol. 2022;26(1):1-3. doi:10.20956/mff.v26i1.14109
Dirga D, Khairunnisa SM, Akhmad AD, Setyawan IA, Pratama A. Evaluasi Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Rawat Inap di Bangsal Penyakit Dalam RSUD. Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Provinsi Lampung. J Kefarmasian Indones. 2021;11(1):65-75. doi:10.22435/jki.v11i1.3570
Jenderal D, Kesehatan P. Prof. dr. Abdul Kadir, Ph.D, Sp.THT-KL (K), MARS. 2021;(November).
Kemenkes R. Pedoman Penggunaan Antibiotik. Pedoman Pengguna Antibiotik. Published online 2021:1-97.
Ayukekbong JA, Ntemgwa M, Atabe AN. The threat of antimicrobial resistance in developing countries: Causes and control strategies. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2017;6(1):1-8. doi:10.1186/s13756-017-0208-x
Ben Y, Fu C, Hu M, Liu L, Wong MH, Zheng C. Human health risk assessment of antibiotic resistance associated with antibiotic residues in the environment: A review. Environ Res. 2019;169(November 2018):483-493. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2018.11.040.
definition of antibiotic resistance
the ability of bacteria to remove or
weaken the effectiveness of antibiotics
factors affecting resistance
inappropriate (irrational) use of antibiotics
overuse of antibiotics
excessive use of antibiotics
long-term use of antibiotics