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How has the penguins adapted to survive in tundra? - Coggle Diagram

- - - - overview of some of the plant, animal & human life
        
        biotic&Abiotic&threats
        
        biotic
        
        Biotic Factors: Low Shrubs (sedges, reindeer mosses, liverworts, and grasses), Crustose and Foliose Lichen, Carnivores (arctic foxes, wolves, and polar bears), Migratory Birds (ravens, snow buntings, falcons, and loons), and Insects (mosquitoes, flies, moths, grasshoppers)
        
        abiotic
        
        Tundra is distinguished by extremely cold temperatures and limited rainfall, resulting in a very cold desert. Permafrost is the term for permanently frozen ground. Temperature, precipitation, wind, sunlight, and weather are all examples of abiotic elements in an ecosystem.
        
        threats
        
        The oil, gas, and mining sectors have the potential to devastate delicate tundra environments. Permafrost can be thawed by drilling wells, but heavy vehicles and pipeline construction can harm soil and prevent plants from recovering. This practice also raises the possibility of harmful spills.
        
        predators&prays
        
        At the top of the Arctic Tundra food chain are predators such as owls, foxes, wolves, and polar bears. Herbivores, or plant-eating animals, such as caribou, lemmings, and hares, are preyed upon by predators.
        
        food web/food chain
        
        The principal consumers (herbivores) such as caribou, hares, oxen, and lemmings would be followed by the various plant species (dry shrubs, mosses, grasses, and lichens) in a tundra food web.