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Genetic - Coggle Diagram
Genetic
GENE
DNA: polymer composed of 2 polynucleotide chains that coio around each other to form a double helix. carries genetic instructions.
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Mendel's Law
- The law of segregation:
Each inherited trait is defined by a gene pair. Parental genes are randomly separated to the sex cells so that sex cells contain only one gene of the pair. Offspring therefore inherit one genetic allele from each parent when sex cells unite in fertilization.
- The law of Independence Assortment:
Genes for different traits are sorted separately from one another so that the inheritance of one trait is not dependent on the inheritance of another.
Genetic Mutation
artificial: temperature, chemicals, and radiation
natural: UV rays, errors during DNA replication, radioactive rays
silent mutation, non-sense mutation, miss-sense mutation
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Protein Synthesis
Transcription
- initiation
- elongation
- termination
Translation
the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum synthesize proteins after the process of transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell's nucleus
Genetic disorder
- single gene disorder: only one gene is abnormal
- chromosomal abnormalities: all or some of the chromosomes are missing, duplicated or changed
- multifactoral and polygenic: disorder caused by the possibility of a combination of genes with a bad lifestyle environment
- mitochondrial abnormalities: mutations in nDna and mtDna genes and harmful substances from the environment
screening method: neonatal screening, dried blood spot (DBS)
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