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Lipids, Enzymology - Coggle Diagram
Lipids
Functions
Insulation in blubber
Butter - hydrogenated fats
Enzymology
Gibbs Free Energy
describes potential energy available for work
Only explains spontaneity not rate
Exergonic reactions
Delta G is negative
Occurs without energy input
Large K'eq values
Endergonic reactions
If delta G is positive
Small K'eq values
No net change - equilibrium
Delta G is independent of how reaction occurs
Equilibrium constant
Dictates the standard free energy change
Catalytic Principles (or strategies)
General acid-base catalysis
Molecule other than water donates/accepts a proton
Catalysis by proximity
Enzyme brings two substrates together in orientation that facilitates catalysis.
Covalent catalysis
Active sites contains covalently modified nucleophile
Metal ion catalysis
Metal ions function in a number of ways
Kinetics
Study of rates of enzyme-catalysed reactions
Insight into catalytic mechanism of this enzyme
Catlyst - substance that speeds up a reaction but not itself consumed in reaction
Transition State
Stage of chemical reaction
No longer substrate but not yet product.
Activation energy
Energy required to form the transition state from substrate
Enzymes decrease
Active sites
Where reaction takes place
3D cleft created by amino acids
Unique microenvironments
Multiple weak interactions between enzyme and substrate
Enzyme specificity
Trypsin cleaves on carboxyl side of Lysine or Arginine
Thrombin cleaves Arginine Glycine bonds
Multiple substrates
Double-displacement reactions
Formation of substituted enzyme intermediate
Sequential reactions
Ternary complex with enzyme and substrates
Double-displacement reactions
Ordered
Lactate dehydrogenase
Random
Creatine Kinase
Steady-State Assumption
Measuring velocity as a function of substrate concentration with a fixed amount of enzyme.
Cofactors
Small molecules required for activity
Km and Vmax
Michaelis-Menten equation
Describes initial reaction velocity as a function of substrate concentration.
Double-reciprocal is Lineweaver Burk Plot
More accurate than LB