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Skeletal Muscle Kayla Rodriguez P.3 - Coggle Diagram
Skeletal Muscle Kayla Rodriguez P.3
all names of bones
Skull
vomer- seperation between nasal cavities
occipital- back of the skull
temporal- near temple areas
mandible- chin
sphenoid- most of the middle part of the base of skull
zygomatic- cheekbone
Parietal- roof of the skull
maxilla- above mouth
Frontal bone - forehead
nasal- nose
Body
Scapula- shoulder blade
ribs- 1-7 is true, 8-12 is false, last 2 are floating
clavicle- collarbone
cervical vertebrae- neck
coxal- hips
sacrum- tailbone
Lumbar vertebrae- lower back
coccyx- tail bone
Thoracic vertebrae- chest
sternum- breastbone
upper limbs
humerus- upper arm
phalanges- fingers
radius- forearm
carpals - wrist
ulna- forearm
metacarpals- palms
lower limbs
heel - calcaneus
calf - fibula
ankle- talus
midfoot - metatarsals
shin - tibia
tarsal- ankle
kneecap- patella
toes- phalanges
upper leg- femur
types of bones
Long is long with expanded ends like arms and leg bones
irregular- varied in shape like the vertebrae, some facial bones
short equal in length and width like wrist and ankles
Flat- plate with broad surface like the ribs scalpula, flattened skull bones
anatomy of long bone
diaphysis
endosteum
epiphyseal line
compact bone
spongy bone
distal epiphysis
articular cartilage
medullary cavity with yellow bone marrow
Proximal epiphysis
spaces that have red bone marrow
periosteum
microscoptic of bone tissue
Osteoclasts resorb and osteoblasts deposit bone throughout life,
osteocytes and extracellular matrix layers are
organized into osteons
Central canals contain blood vessels and nerve fibers, and extend longitudinally through the bone tissue
Volkmann’s canals help osteons share blood supply and nerves
Bone Fracture repair & remodeling
enchonaral bones
broad, flat bones of the skull form as intramembranous bones
Osteoblasts deposit a bony matrix around themselves
Once the osteoblasts have encased themselves with matrix, they are called osteocytes
intramembranous
develop as hyaline cartilage
Bone-building cells, called osteoblasts
Cartilage is first broken down in the diaphysis replaced w/ bone
epiphyseal plate is between the epiphysis & diaphysis
osteoclasts, break down the calcified matrix
Medullary cavity fills with bone marrow, which produces blood cells
Joints
Fibrous
sultures of the skull, joints between the distal and tibula
cartilaginous
the pubic symphysis and the first rib with the sternum
synovial
is classified by shape of the parts and the movements they allow
ball and socket( spheroida), Condylar ( elipsoida), plane (gliding), hinge, pivot( trochoid), saddle(sellar)
Movements allowed by synovial joints
rotation- movement of parts around axis
circumduction- movement part so end follows circular path
plantar flexion- points toes down
Pronation- rotation of forearm, palms faces upward or posteriorly
dorsiflexion- toes point up
Supination- rotation of forearm, palms face upward anteriorly
adduction- moving body part toward midline
Inversion- turning sole medially
abduction- moving boy toward midline
eversion- turning sole laterally
Hypertension- straightening beyond normal
Protraction- moving part forward
Lateral flexion- bending to side
Retraction- moving part backward
Extension- straightening
Elevation- raising part of body
Flexion - bending
Depression- lowering part of body
male & female skeleton
male
pelvic girdle is more heavier and has more evidence of muscualr attachments and the pubic arch is more narrower
pelvic cavity is more narrower and less roomy and more funnel shaped an dthe sacrum is narrower. the sacral cuvalture is bent less sharply
coccyx is less moveable
female
pelvic girdle is lighter, thinner, and has less evidence of muscular attachments the pubic arch is wider
pelvic cavity is wider and shorter, roomier, and less funnel shaped
sacrum is wider and sacral curvalture bent more sharply
coccyx is more moveable
Disorders and diseases
Osteosarcoma
malignant bone turmor
ages 15, hereditary, likage to fluorinated water
Osteomyelitis
an infection in the bone
from puncture infection, direct contamination, circulatory disorders
Osteogenesis inperfecta
a genetic disorder that causes brittle bones
congenital mutation, frequent fractures, easily bruised
Pagets disease
metabolic bone disease affecting the breakdown and rebuildings of bone
exact cause is unknown, hereditary, age over 40, men
Osteoarthritis
protective cartilage atends of bones wears down
older age, bone deformaties, obesity