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Unit 4: Interactions Among Branches of Government - Coggle Diagram
Unit 4: Interactions Among Branches of Government
legislative branch
bi cameral
exclusive powers
senate has sole authority to approve major presidential appointments
revenue bills must originate in house of reps
powers shared by both houses
establish federal courts & jurisdiction
regulate commerce
coin $
power to raise army & navy
declaration of war
approval of bills to laws
congress
representatives have specific types of voting
politico
trustee
votes based on what they want to do
delegate
votes based on what constituents want
vote as either delegate or trustee based on issue
house of reps
based on state population
revenue bills must originate in house of reps
represent constituents not political parties
(constitutional) qualifications
at least 25 yrs old
citizen for 7+ years
resident of state they rep
senate
equal representation for all states
sole authority to approve major political appointments
(consiutitonal) qualifications
at least 30 years old
citizen for 9 years
limitations of power
senate and house of reps need to agree in order to sent a bill to the presdient
executive
can veto bills
judicial
can deem laws unconsitutional
writes laws
established in article 1
executive branch
executes law
signs/vetoes bills passed by congress
ensures laws signed are actually enforced
president is commander in chief of armed forces
regulates federal agencies
qualifications
consitutional
born a citizen
pres & vp can't be from the same state
35 yrs old
14 yrs residency in US
general societal
male
married & heterosexual
christian
political experience
educated
white
physically fit & able
limitations of power
22nd amendment
limits presidents to 2 terms
1951
emoluments clause
president can't accept gifts or money from foreign leaders
US v Nixon (1974)
no executive power.privlege allows a president to withhold information from congress or the scouts involving a criminal trial
youngstown sheet & tube v sawyer (1951)
president truman seized steel mills during korean war but SCOTUS ruled he couldn't do that without their permission
checks & balances
judicial
can declare executive acts unconsitutional
legislative
impeachment
simple majority in house 2/3 mahjosirty in senate
veto override
senate can deny appointments
executive powers
executive preivlege
president doesnt have to give up info regarding confidential conversations or national security too ongress or the court
executive agreement
formal international agreement the president makes with another country that doesn't require congressional consent
can send troops into battle without congressional approval
executive order
statement/command issued by president with force of law
power to convene congress
state of the union address
issue pardons
judicial branch
exercise judicial review
established in 1803
marbury v ,madison (1803)
reviews previous precedents/acts of gov and decide if they are constitutional and whether or not to uphold them
jurisdiction over enforcement of federal laws
SCOTUS
limitations on power
executive
rely on president for appointments
legislative
can impeach judges
stare decicis
reliance on precedents
court system
SCOTUS only constitutionally required court
other courts created by congress
judiciary act of 1789
created 3 tier court system
trial court
court of original jusridction
appellate court
reviews decisions/appeals from lower court
legislative court
reviews decisions from appellate courts, final tier
judiciary act of 1801
packed courts with federalist judges + limited # of judges from 6 to 5 on SCOTUS
types of opinions
majority
authored by someone chosen by chief justice if they are in majority or if not then the senior most member of majority decides who authors it
dissenting
explanation for minority argument
plurality
minority opinion that adresses issue without binding precedent
concurring
minority opinion agreeing with majority deciosn for different legal reasoning
horizontal separation
separation of powers within federal government