Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
science mind map, Hilly 89c - Coggle Diagram
science mind map
Atomic Theories
Solid sphere model
-
-
The Solid Sphere model is an atomic model. It states that all objects are made of particles called atoms and that they are solid spheres that cannot be divided further into smaller particles.
Plum pudding model
-
-
Thomson developed what became known as the "plum pudding" model in 1904. Plum pudding is an English dessert similar to a blueberry muffin. In Thomson's plum pudding model of the atom, the electrons were embedded in a uniform sphere of positive charge, like blueberries stuck into a muffin.
Nuclear model
-
-
Rutherford's atomic model became known as the nuclear model. In the nuclear atom, the protons and neutrons, which comprise nearly all of the mass of the atom, are located in the nucleus at the center of the atom. The electrons are distributed around the nucleus and occupy most of the volume of the atom.
Planetary model
-
-
The Bohr Model is a planetary model in which the negatively charged electrons orbit a small, positively charged nucleus similar to the planets orbiting the sun (except that the orbits are not planar).
Quantum model
-
-
Quantum mechanics models describe the possibility of placing electrons within an atom by describing the principal energy level, energy level, orbital (arbitrary level), and spin of
Atoms, Molecules, and ions
Molecules:
A molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds; depending on context, the term may or may not include ions which satisfy this criterion
ions:
An ion is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge. The charge of an electron is considered to be negative by convention and this charge is equal and opposite to the charge of a proton, which is considered to be positive by convention.
Atom:
Every atom is composed of a nucleus and one or more electrons bound to the nucleus. The nucleus is made of one or more protons and a number of neutrons.
Acid, Base, and Salt
Salt
Properties: Transparent, colourless and in crystalline form, soluble in water
-
Acid
examples of acid's: lemon, yogurt, vinegar, lime, sour candy.
Properties: Sour, Acids turn blue litmus red, Acids have pH less than 7, reacts to metal, corrosive, conduct electricity.
What is an acid? A chemical substance that neutralizes alkalis, dissolves some metals, and turns litmus red; typically, a corrosive or sour-tasting liquid of this kind.
Base
Properties: Bases change the colour of litmus from red to blue, bitter, conduct electricity, slippery.
What is a base? Base, in chemistry, any substance that in water solution is slippery to the touch, tastes bitter, changes the colour of indicators
Ph Scale
pH is a measure of how acidic/basic water is. The range goes from 0 - 14, with 7 being neutral. PHs of less than 7 indicate acidity, whereas a pH of greater than 7 indicates a base.
-
-
Examples of:
Atoms:
-
-
-
-
-
Deuterium, an isotope of hydrogen that has one proton and one neutron.
-
-
Isotopes:
carbon-14, tritium (hydrogen-3), chlorine-36, uranium-235, and uranium-238.
Molecules:
-
-
-
-
C6H12O6 (glucose, a type of sugar)
-
-
-
-
